Protein Synthesis Video Tour (Function #2). Function #2: DNA codes Protein Proteins are essential to life Made of amino acid building blocks (molecules)

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Presentation transcript:

Protein Synthesis Video Tour (Function #2)

Function #2: DNA codes Protein Proteins are essential to life Made of amino acid building blocks (molecules) There are 20 different amino acids

Function #2: DNA codes Protein These 20 amino acids can be combined to make 100,00 different proteins in a human Est. >10 million Different proteins in all organisms

Proteins Vary!! The smallest human protein is insulin with 51 amino acids – Allows glucose to be absorbed The largest human protein is titin with 34,350 amino acids – Aids muscle contraction

Transcription: Creates mRNA Occurs in the nucleus Begins with DNA (sense strand) Ends with mRNA Requires: – DNA – mRNA nucleotides – assembly enzymes Animation:

Translation: Creates a polypeptide Occurs in the cytoplasm Begins with messenger RNA (mRNA) Ends with a polypeptide (almost a protein) Requires: – Ribosome – Transfer RNA (tRNA) – Amino acids – Assembly enzymes Animation:

Multiple Ribosomes per mRNA

Codons Determine Amino Acid Order mRNA codons = 3 bases “spell” one amino acid One START codon: AUG Three STOP codons: UUA, UAG, UAG

Codon Table Required to convert codons to amino acids Different formats

??? How many mRNA bases does it take to code one insulin molecule?