Are these examples of weathering, erosion, or both?  1. Ice breaking rock  2. Wind breaking away and moving rock  3. A river moving sediment  4. Tree roots breaking rock  5. A sand storm grinding down rock

 Weathering – the process by which rocks are broken down by chemical or physical processes

WEATHERING EROSION Breaks down rocks into sediment Moves sediment VS

 Mechanical/Physical Weathering – the breakdown of rock into smaller pieces by physical means

 Abrasion – the grinding and wearing away of rock surfaces by other rock and sand particles

 Biological Weathering – a type of physical weathering where rock is broken down by living organisms

 Chemical Weathering – the breakdown of rock as a result of chemical reactions

 Acid Precipitation – rain, sleet, or snow that contains high levels of acids

 List at least 3 ways you think that soil can be different from rock and sediment.

SOIL

 Soil – a loose mixture of small mineral fragments, organic material, water, and air that can support plant life.

 Parent rock – the rock that is the source of the soil IS THE SOURCE OF ROCK FOR

 Bedrock – the layer of rock beneath the soil

Soil Composition – All soil is made of different amounts of... SAND SILT CLAY

 Soil Texture – the soil quality that is based on the proportion of soil sand, silt, and clay  For example, a soil that has a texture of 60% sand, 30% silt, and 10% clay would be sandy loam  What types of soil are these? 30% Sand 40% Silt 30% Clay 30% Sand 60% Silt 10% Clay 50% Sand 10% Silt 40% Clay

 Soil Structure- The arrangement of soil particles  Soil Fertility – a soil’s ability to hold and supply nutrients for plants  Humus – the dark, organic material formed in soil from the decayed remains of plants and animals

 Soil Horizons – the different layers of soil  Top Soil – the top layer of soil where the most humus is found  Leaching - the removal of substances that can be dissolved from rock, ore, or layers of soil due to the passing of water

 Soil pH – tells how acidic (0) or basic (14) the soil is on a scale from 0 to 14

 Soil – a loose mixture of small mineral fragments, organic material, water, and air that can support plant life.

 Parent rock – the rock that is the source of the soil  Bedrock – the layer of rock beneath the soil  Soil Texture – the soil quality that is based on the proportion of soil particles  Soil Structure – the arrangement of soil particles  Soil Fertility – a soil’s ability to hold and supply nutrients for plants  Humus – the dark, organic material formed in soil from the decayed remains of plants and animals  Soil Horizons – the different layers of soil  Top Soil – the top layer of soil where the most humus is found  Leaching - the removal of substances that can be dissolved from rock, ore, or layers of soil due to the passing of water  Soil pH – tells how acidic (0) or basic (14) the soil is on a scale from 0 to 14