Matter SOL 5.4

5.4 Content Objectives: Fifth grade students will investigate and understand how all matter, regardless of its size, shape, or color, is made of particles (atoms and molecules) that are too small to be seen by the unaided eye. They will be able to explain that there are more than 100 known elements that make up all matter. They will identify the atom as the smallest part of of an element. In addition, students will differentiate between atoms and molecules, elements and compounds, and mixtures and solutions. They will be able to explain that there are many different types of compounds and that a molecule is the smallest part of a compound. Students will demonstrate their knowledge by building molecular models. Lastly, students will be able to explain how heat affects the states of matter.

5.4 Language Objectives: Fifth grade scientists will be able to pronounce and define key vocabulary (matter, atom, molecule, compound, mixture, solution, solid, liquid, and gas ). They will be able to diagram molecules of common compounds (salt and water). They will be able to write about matter and share their thoughts with their classmates.

What is matter? Matter is any substance that has: mass (how much matter is in an object; amount of stuff inside of an object) occupies space (takes up room); the scientific name for this is volume 20 min.1.31 min.

Can mass change? The mass of an object does not change unless we take part of the matter away. The reason some people think mass changes is because they think mass is a measurement of weight.

Mass = amount of matter in an object Weight = how much gravitational force is pulling on an object; true weight measured in Newtons (N) *Gravity on the moon is 1/6 the amount of Earth’s Gravity Mass = 120 kg Weight = 200 N Gravity Mass = 120 kg Weight = 1200 N

Is this an example of matter? Is air (wind) made of matter? The wind blows the blades of this windmill. YES, air (wind) has mass and takes up space.

Is this an example of matter? Is light (sunlight) made of matter? Sunlight is a source of energy. NO, light (sunlight) does not have mass or take up space.

Is this an example of matter? Is water made of matter? Water is an important natural resource to all living organisms. YES, water has mass and takes up space.

Characteristics of matter: matter comes in all sizes, shapes, and colors matter is made of particles that are too small to be seen by the unaided eye 42 sec.

Characteristics of matter: matter exists in three phases: 2.28 min. ~solid ~liquid ~gas

2.15 min.

Solids tightly packed molecules solid molecules have a strong bond and cannot move/slide past each other not easily compressed (little free space between particles)

a solid has a fixed shape and a definite volume

Liquids molecules in a liquid are loosely packed liquid molecules have a weaker bond and can move/slide past one another not easily compressed (little free space between particles)

a liquid has a definite volume, but NOT a definite shape. a liquid flows and takes the shape of its container

Gases molecules in a gas are spread out gas molecules have no bonds and quickly move past each other easily compressed (lots of free space between particles)

a gas does NOT have a definite volume or shape. a gas will take the shape of its container a gas will assume the volume of its container

~solid ~liquid ~gas Three Phases and Their Molecules

Can matter change phases? YES, matter can change phases min.

Temperature Changes Matter when temperature increase (gets hotter) it weakens the bonds between the molecules 3.10 min.

Solid Liquid (melting)

Liquid Gas (evaporation)

Why does popcorn pop?

Temperature Changes Matter when temperature decreases (gets colder) it strengthens the bonds between the molecules

Liquid Solid (freezing)

Gas Liquid (condensation)

Temperatures to Remember Water freezes at 32  F and 0  C

Temperatures to Remember Water boils at 212  F and 100  C

Temperatures to Remember Normal Human Body Temperature 98.6  F and 37  C

Characteristics of matter: elements make up all matter scientists have discovered more than 100 known elements

What is an element? An element is a substance made of only one type of atom. Scientists have classified each element by its chemical properties and arranged them on a table called the Periodic Table of Elements.

Periodic Table of Elements Scientists have given each element a chemical symbol.

Periodic Table of Elements Examples: O = oxygen; Na = sodium; C = carbon; H = hydrogen; He = helium; K = potassium

What is an atom? Atoms are the smallest part of an element. Atoms are made of three (3) tiny particles (parts) : ~protons ~neutrons ~electrons 51 sec.

What is a proton? Protons are particles in the center of an atom. They have a positive (+) electric charge. Model of an Atom proton

What is a neutron? Neutrons are particles in the center of an atom. They have no electric charge. neutron Model of an Atom

electron What is an electron? Electrons are particles that orbit (go around) the center of the atom. They have a negative (-) electric charge.

Model of an Atom Label the three particles of an atom. protonneutron electron

Key: The atom for each element is unique.

Can you combine different elements together? YES, you can combine elements together. When two or more elements combine to form a new substance it is called a compound.

Na Cl O O C O H H There are many different types of compounds because the atoms of elements can combine in many different ways to form different compounds. carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) salt (NaCl) water (H 2 O)

Na Cl O O C O H H The smallest part of a compound is a molecule. 1 molecule of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) 1 molecule of salt (NaCl) 1 molecule of water (H 2 O)

What is a mixture? a mixture is a combination of two or more substances in a mixture the atoms DO NOT combine to form a new substance

A mixture CAN easily be separated.

What is a solution? a solution is a mixture in which one substance dissolves into another in a solution the atoms DO NOT combine to form a new substance

Salt Solution NaCl H2OH2O In a solution, the mixed substances are evenly spread out through the mixture.

Soda is a solution that has a gas (CO 2 ) dissolved into water and syrup.

31 sec.