Why do some materials not dissolve? Solute Solvent Soluble Insoluble Mixtures and Solutions.

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Presentation transcript:

Why do some materials not dissolve? Solute Solvent Soluble Insoluble Mixtures and Solutions

What determines whether or not materials dissolve? …it’s because of attraction!

The solute is the substance that dissolves in a solvent to form a solution. The solvent is the substance that dissolves a solute to form a solution. There is usually more solvent than solute in a solution. water particle sugar particle

Soluble means able to be dissolved in a particular solvent. - tea dissolves in water - tea is soluble in water the same

Insoluble means not able to be dissolved in a particular solvent. - milk fat does not dissolve in water - milk fat is not soluble in water the same

What determines whether or not materials dissolve? …it’s because of attraction!

Fat particles do not dissolve in milk as they are more attracted to each other than to the water particles.

Grass stains are caused by the chlorophyll found in grass. The particles of chlorophyll are more attracted to each other than they are to water particles. To remove grass stains, you need to use a different solvent—one whose particles attract the particles of chlorophyll.

ExampleMade up of Air Humid air Mothballs Soda water Vinegar Ocean water Amalgam Brass Oxygen, other gases in nitrogengasgas Water vapour in airliquidgas Napthalene in airsolidgas Carbon dioxide in watergasliquid Acetic acid in waterliquidliquid Various salts in watersolidliquid Mercury in silver, tin, zincliquidsolids Zinc in coppersolidsolid Solutes & solvents may solids, liquids, or gases SoluteSolvent

The Tyndall Effect is sometimes used to determine a true solution. Solutions (such as salt and water) do not scatter the light as the mixture is homogeneous. A mixture of milk and water is not homogeneous. The particles of milk fat are large enough to scatter the light.

Summary Solute Solvent Soluble Insoluble Mixtures and Solutions

Matter Properties Mixture Heterogeneous Homogeneous Mechanical mixture Homogeneous mixture Pure substance Particle theory of matter Homogeneous mixture (solution) Dissolving Evaporation Solute Solvent Soluble Insoluble