Importance of the River Nile Chapter 3 Lesson 2 The First Nation-State, a region with a united group of people and a single government.

Giver and Taker of Life Nile = Giver of Life (farming, religious beliefs, government, people along the banks) Nile = Giver of Life (farming, religious beliefs, government, people along the banks) First boats were bundles of reeds First boats were bundles of reeds Became expert ship builders Became expert ship builders Boats were about 60 ft long Boats were about 60 ft long River flows North, Winds blew South, possible for travel in both directions River flows North, Winds blew South, possible for travel in both directions Droughts/floods killed crops/people/animals (delicate balance) Droughts/floods killed crops/people/animals (delicate balance) Gov. had to solve these problems Gov. had to solve these problems

Sources of Innovation Invented calendar based on sun, keep track of floods (365 days) Invented calendar based on sun, keep track of floods (365 days) Divided year into three seasons based on Nile (Inundation – beginning/flood, Emergence-ground reappeared/planting, Harvest- picking) Divided year into three seasons based on Nile (Inundation – beginning/flood, Emergence-ground reappeared/planting, Harvest- picking) Depended on floods for agriculture Depended on floods for agriculture Irrigation techniques – canals, dikes, dams, ponds Irrigation techniques – canals, dikes, dams, ponds

Source of Religion Stories about gods to explain events in nature Stories about gods to explain events in nature Many gods with different responsibilities Many gods with different responsibilities Floods – controlled by their gods Floods – controlled by their gods Believed in an afterlife Believed in an afterlife Thoth-wisdom Thoth-wisdom Hathor-sky goddess of love Hathor-sky goddess of love Osiris-over the dead Osiris-over the dead Hapi-Nile Hapi-Nile Anubis-mummification Anubis-mummification Amon-King of gods Amon-King of gods Sekmet-war and battle Sekmet-war and battle Re – sun god Re – sun god

Unified Egypt Early Egypt - villages became towns, and towns became capitals of city-states called NOMES. Early Egypt - villages became towns, and towns became capitals of city-states called NOMES. Leaders of Nomes competed for power and wealth Leaders of Nomes competed for power and wealth Nomes joined together to form two kingdoms, Upper and Lower Egypt (3500 BC) Nomes joined together to form two kingdoms, Upper and Lower Egypt (3500 BC) 3000 BC Upper Egyptian King (King Menes or King Narmer) gained total control of Egypt 3000 BC Upper Egyptian King (King Menes or King Narmer) gained total control of Egypt World’s first nation-state, lasted for 3000 years World’s first nation-state, lasted for 3000 years

Lesson 2 Review Assessment Answer the 4 review questions on page 140 on a piece of lined paper. Answer the 4 review questions on page 140 on a piece of lined paper. You do not need to write the questions, but you must write in complete sentences. You do not need to write the questions, but you must write in complete sentences. You may use your book and your notes. You may use your book and your notes.