Nutrient Management Planning CNMP Core Curriculum Section 4 – Nutrient Management

CNMP Development Core Training Curriculum These course materials have been developed as a cooperative effort between five land-grant universities and The Natural Resources Conservation Service. Ames, Iowa 50011, (515) Copyright © , Iowa State University of Science and Technology. All rights reserved. Copyright Information

Objectives To gain an understanding of the difference between long term strategic planning and annual ( tactical ) planning.

Objectives To gain an understanding of a whole farm concept considering nutrient flows and balance on the farm.

Objectives To understand the source and flow of nutrients on farm and the factors affecting a nutrient balance.

Required and Supplemental Materials NRCS Animal Waste Field Management Handbook – Part 651 Supplemental Resources –ASAE D384.1 Manure Production and Characteristics Standard –LPES Lesson 1 Principles of Environmental Stewardship –LPES Lesson 2 Whole Farm Nutrient Planning

Nutrient Management Planning Strategic vs. Annual Planning Strategic Plan – Long-Term (big picture) Annual Short-Term Implementation – (this cropping Plan season)

Planning Process Plan Modification Review as Necessary Strategic Plan Inventory Implementation or Annual Plan Documentation & Records Annual Review TSP has primary responsibility Producer typically has primary responsibility

Whole Farm Nutrient Balance Farm Boundary Nutrient Imbalance (inputs - outputs) Inputs Managed Outputs Feed Animals Irrigation Water Fertilizer Legume N Meat/Milk/ Eggs Crops Manure Gas Emissions

Strategic Planning Purpose: To determine if the farm has an adequate land base for long-term sustainability from a manure nutrient utilization perspective.

Strategic Planning Outcomes 1)Select nutrient management strategies that produce the greatest benefit. 2) Define procedures to implement strategies as needed in the following: Annual cropping plan Conservation plan Manure export plan Feed management plan

Is my livestock or poultry operation concentrating nutrients on the farm? What is the underlying cause of nutrient concentrations?

Region of Excess Nutrients One-way flow of nutrients. Separation of distance and ownership drives one-way flow.

4. Reduce Feed Inputs Region of Excess Nutrients Nutrient Strategies Options 2. Minimize erosion & runoff 3. Export Manure 1. Crop – Fertilizer- Manure Plan

Strategic Planning Methods  Mass Balance  Nutrient Generation Estimates  Manure Analysis Records

Mass Balance Approach  Probably best approach  Difficult to do on nitrogen  Works well with phosphorus

Nitrogen Mass Balance NO 3 Losses NH 3 Emissions N 2 O Emissions N 2 Emissions

Phosphorus Mass Balance Phosphorus conserved within system Imbalance observed as increasing soil P levels; Losses - Runoff is most likely; Leaching possible under some situations;

Nutrient Generation Estimate Approach (Book Value)  Fast  Easy  Book values may not be representative of the farm

Nutrient Generation Estimate Sources  NRCS AWMFH – Part 651  MWPS – 18 Section 1  ASAE Standards (D 384.2)  University publications

Manure Analysis Record Approach  Farm Specific with real data  Availability and accuracy of manure analysis can be variable  Accuracy of manure mass or volume estimates

Dairy Waste Variability (Sample analyses from 40 Tennessee dairy waste holding ponds) % SolidsNP2O5P2O5 K2OK2O Minimum Average Maximum Pounds / 1000 gallons

Analyses of Samples Taken at Successive Pump-outs of a Tennessee Dairy Waste Holding Pond. Date PumpedPounds N/1000 Gallons 9/ / / / /9811.7

P Mass Balance – Example CNMP Manure P 2 O 5 Produced = (44.82 lbs. avg. feed intake (%dm) x *) - (65 lbs. avg. milk prod. per cow/day** x 0.001***) x 2.29**** = lbs. P per day per cow x 2.29 = 0.22 lbs. P 2 O 5 per day per cow x 175 cows x 365 days = 14,094 lbs P 2 O 5 per year Acres Required for P 2 O 5 Mass Balance = 14,094 / 65 lbs. P 2 O 5 removed by crop = 217 acres X 50% confinement = 108 acres *0.36 % of P in total feed ration from feed analysis **Based on 2000/2001 rolling herd average of lbs. of milk produced per cow per year ***0.10 % of P in milk; ****conversion of P to P 2 O 5

Nutrient Generation Estimate* – Example CNMP – Excreted Total Excreted Availability Factor Total Nutrients 0.45 lbs/day/1000 lbs N37,367 lbs/yr ,947 lbs N 0.16 lbs/day/1000 lbs P 2 O 5 13,286 lbs/yr 113,286 lbs P 2 O lbs/day/1000 lbs K 2 O 25,742 lbs/yr 125,742 lbs K 2 O *From AWMFH – Part 651

Manure Analysis Approach – Information Needs – Source & Testing Date Total Nitrogen Total Phosphorus as P 2 O 5 Total Potassium as K 2 O pH Storage Facility – 11/01 10 lbs/1000 gal 3 lbs/1000 gal12.5 lbs/1000 gal Farm specific annual manure generation All sources into storage pond is 1,227,244 gallons. 3 lbs/1,000 g X 1,227 = 3,680 lbs. of P 2 O Crop nutrient removal Corn silage will remove 65 lbs. of P 2 O 5 per acre. 3,680 lbs.  65 lbs/ac = 57 acres needed. 1. Farm Specific Manure Analysis

Strategic P Estimate Comparisons - Example CNMP – ApproachP 2 O 5 (lbs) 65 lbs P 2 O 5 Assume 50% Confinement Mass Balance14, AWMFH – Part 65113, Manure Analysis/ volume estimate 3,68057

Take Home Message  “Whole Farm” nutrient balance defines the magnitude and source of nutrient- related risks.  Strategic plan should ID the preferred nutrient management strategies  Selected nutrient management strategies must address nutrient imbalance and drive the implementation plan.

Annual Plan & Other Implementation Plans Crop Planning Manure storage plan Conservation plan Feed management plan (?) Manure export plan (?)

Additional Resources LPES Lesson 2: Whole Farm Nutrient Planning Computer software: Whole Farm Balance and Nutrient and Land Estimator – at

Class Exercise (Nutrient Planning A 500-head dairy cow operation is located on a tract of land with the current land base of 750 acres of row cropland. Average daily milk production = 70 lbs/cow; P content of the diet = 0.45%; average DMI = 50 lbs./cow/day. Calculate P equivalent excreted annually with 500 cow herd With average P 2 O 5 uptake/acre/year at 65 lbs. how many acres are required for manure application with this 500 cow dairy?

Class Exercise (Nutrient Planning) Formula for determining excretion of P per cow per day: (Avg. DMI x P in feed) – (Avg. lbs. milk/cow/d x P in milk) = lbs. P excreted/cow/day –(50 lbs x 0.45%) – (70 lbs x 0.10%) = (50 x.0045) – (70 x.001) = – 0.07 = lbs P/cow/day Convert P to P 2 O 5 = lbs. P X 2.29 = lbs. P 2 O 5 –0.155 lbs. P/cow/day x 2.29 conversion = lbs P 2 O 5 equivalent/cow/day

Class Exercise (Nutrient Planning) P 2 O 5 excreted from 500 cows per year: –0.355 lbs P 2 O 5 equivalent/cow/day X 500 cows x 365 d = 64,788 lbs P 2 O 5 Current acreage removes 49,200 lbs P 2 O 5 therefore there is excess P excreted above what annual crops remove Acres needed for P excretion: 64,788 lbs P 2 O 5 /65 lbs P 2 O 5 = 997 acres