Cells: The basic units of life

1.) What is a cell?

The cell is the smallest unit of life on Earth. Organisms can be made up of one or more cells.

2.) What is a tissue?

A tissue is a group of cells that work together to perform a specific job in the body.

3.) What is an organ?

When two or more tissues work together to perform a specific job, the group of tissues are called an organ.

4.) What are organ systems? Organ systems are created when groups of organs work together.

Circulatory System

5.) What is an organism?

An organism is anything that can live on its own.

6. When is a population created?

When a group of individual organisms of the same kind live in the same area.

7. When are communities created?

When two or more different populations live in the same area. –Ex. Populations of foxes, oak trees, lizards, flowers are a part of the forest community.

8. When is an ecosystem created?

Created of the community and all of the nonliving things that affect it – such as water, soil, rocks, light etc.

CAN YOU... Explain how life is organized from a single cell to an ecosystem?

DISCOVERY OF CELLS

1.) What does the cell theory state? A.) All organisms are composed of one or more cells. B.) The cell is the basic unit of life in all living things. C.) All cells come from other cells.

2.) What do all cells have in common? 1.) Cell Membrane 2.) Hereditary Material 3.) Cytoplasm & Organelles

3.) What is the cell membrane?

3.) What is the cell membrane? Page 92 The cell membrane surrounds the cell and acts as a barrier between the inside the cell and the outside environment.

4.) What is hereditary material? This material is DNA and makes it possible for cells to make other cells.

5.) What are organelles and cytoplasm? Organelles are structures within the cell that enable the cell to live, grow, and reproduce. Cytoplasm is the fluid that surrounds the structures of the cell.

6.) What are the two types of cells? Prokaryotes & Eukaryotes No Nucleus Nucleus

PROKARYOTIC Vs. EUKARYOTIC

7.) What are characteristics prokaryotic cells? AKA – bacteria. DNA is not in the nucleus Circular DNA No membrane covered organelles Do have ribosomes Contains cell wall covering the cell membrane

8.) What are eukaryotic cells? More complex than prokaryotic cells. Contains Nucleus Membrane Covered Organelles Linear DNA contained in the nucleus Contains a cell membrane

INSIDE A EUKARYOTIC CELL: Role of the Organelles

Cell Membrane: GATE KEEPER

1.) What is the cell membrane’s role? Keep the cytoplasm inside Allow nutrients in and waste out

Cell Wall: Support/Foundation

2.) What’s the role of the cell wall? Found only in plants and algae Provides strength and support to membrane –Trees can stand tall due to their cell wall.

NUCLEUS: Cell’s Computer

3.) What’s the role of the nucleus? Control Center of Cell Stores DNA (info that tells cell how to make proteins) Contains nucleolus which makes ribosomes.

RIBOSOMES: Protein Factories

4. What’s the role of ribosomes? Site where proteins are made from amino acids

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM: Delivery System

5.) What’s the role of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)? Makes lipids and other materials for use inside and outside the cell “internal delivery system” of the cell Releases proteins made in the ribosomes

MITOCHONDRIA: Powerhouse

6.) What’s the role of the mitochondria? Powerhouse of the cell Contains two membranes Location where food molecules are “burned,” broken down to release energy

CHLOROPLASTS: Powerhouse in Plants

7.) What is the role of chloroplasts? Only found in plants and algae Contain chlorophyll – chemical that traps energy from sunlight and uses it to make sugar (photosynthesis).

GOLGI COMPLEX: Packaging Department

8.) What role does the Golgi Complex play? Processes proteins and lipids from the ER. Modifies them and sends them to parts of the cell or sends them out of the cell.

VACUOLE: Storage Center in Plants

9. What is the role of the vacuole in plant cells? Found only in plant cells Store water and other liquids Used for cell support –When loses water plant wilts

LYSOSOMES: Packages of Destruction

10. What role do lysosomes play in the cell? Destroy damaged organelles Gets rid of waste materials Protects cell from foreign invaders