How were the 1 st & 2 nd legs of the triangular trade route different?

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Apprentice: A young person who learns a skill from a more experienced person Cons of Apprenticeship: Long work days (12+ hours) Little to NO days off Little to NO free time Pros of Apprenticeship: ONLY way to become an artisan

Artisan: A skilled worker who makes thinks by hand Rope maker Blacksmith Carpenter Young Surgeons Great need for apprentices during early to mid 1700’s Mostly boys, but… Also girls (cooking & sewing trades) Little to NO free time Not all became apprentices Many worked on family farms

New England: Products from the forest and the sea to make… houses ships barrels

Many products were exported, like timber to England… Most of the forests had already been cut down there

Middle Colonies Products from the farm products and the valuable minerals Wheat (remember “Breadbasket of the colonies”) Grain (ground into flour at mills) iron

Southern Colonies Products from the farm products and the valuable minerals (all cash crops) tobacco rice indigo( plant used to make blue dye) From small family farms to large plantations Slaves powered plantations

Charleston: As the economy grew, cities became thriving trading centers An important part of colonial trade was slave trade We will see a video on this later so we can understand this concept better

Triangular Trade Route: is a historical term indicating trade among three ports or regions. Triangular trade thus provides a method for rectifying trade imbalances between regions Takes a triangular shape on maps youtube.com/ watch?v=pYfC RRNxX2o

New England Carried guns & other goods (like rum) West Africa Traded these goods for gold & captive Africans West Indies Traded these goods for sugar & molasses (for rum) & kept some captive Africans for the colonies Known as the “Middle Passage” because it was the shortest

Plantations: Many of the African slaves stayed in the West Indies & worked on sugar plantations Some worked on colonial plantations also

Lesson 2: Cities, Towns, & and Farms Studies 5 th Grade Mr. Vida

Name the famous resident and also the name the east coast city that he moved to in 1723 ( hint: had the largest population of colonial cities in 1760). Also, list the four things that he established there?

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Philadelphia

Benjamin Franklin: Wanted to be a printer Printing businesses were only found in cities Could not find work in his hometown of Boston; looked elsewhere Arrived in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1723

Accomplishments: Founded the city’s 1 st newspaper Established 1 st public library Established the 1 st hospital Started the 1 st volunteer fire department in the 13 colonies

Philadelphia Pennsylvania: A Growing, diverse population People of different ethnic backgrounds and religions Busy port on the Delaware River Most importantly to Franklin, a printer who gave him a job! Largest city of the 13 Colonies in mid-1700’s! About 23,000 residents

Largest city of the 13 Colonies in mid-1700’s!

Self-Sufficient: Means they relied on themselves for what they needed Food came from fields surrounding town Workshops found in town common For blacksmith, cooper, & shoemaker Town-common An open space where cattle and sheep could graze Meeting House The most important building in town Where citizens could make decisions at town meetings and attend church on Sundays

Southern Plantations Though there were many small farms in the south, Plantations were: Larger Also like towns, were self-sufficient Most work done by captive slaves Cash crops were grown, like: Tobacco Rice Indigo Planters Wealthy owners of plantations ( Mostly men, some women)

Eliza Lucas Pinckney One of the women Planters 1 st person in the 13 Colonies to raise indigo Overseer Plantation manager that gave slaves their orders Slaves Could be beaten as punishment Many worked morning to night, planting and harvesting crops Women and children cooked and cleaned in the planters house Also worked in blacksmith, carpentry, smokehouses, bakeries, laundry buildings and stables

From New Hampshire to Georgia… Most colonists, free and slave, lived on small family farms All had one thing in common… Hard work! Had to make and grow most of what they needed

Lesson 3: Everyday Life in the Colonies Studies 5 th Grade Mr. Vida

How were schools in colonial times different from schools today?

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Going to school, attending religious services, and reading for news and entertainment were important part of everyday life in the colonies. Decode this painting on reading…

Education was very important in early New England: In 1647, the leaders of Massachusetts passed a law requiring towns to establish free public schools. Free schools DID NOT exist in Europe at this time Schools of the early colonies Most schools just had ONE room Students of DIFFERENT ages sat together Like today, they also learned three of the basics: READING WRITING ARITHMITIC

George Washington: Was a young student in a Virginia school Students like him learned rules of polite behavior Educational life of most students: When they reached their early teen years, many boys & girls began working full time on family farms. Others began apprenticeships. Only a small percentage went to college.

Harvard: Established near Boston, Massachusetts in 1636 Oldest college in the United States College of William and Mary: The next college to open was in Virginia, in 1693

Out of schools for children in the early colonies Spent a lot of time doing chores at home & on family farms Had less free time than children today Fun games & sports they played Danced Hide & Seek Tag Climbed trees Swimming Kites Ice skating & sledding

Several colonies established for religious freedom Many colonists continued to come as religious refugees from Europe Many Jews came to the 13 colonies & settled in: Rhode Island. New York South Carolina Jews in Newport, Rhode Island built the 1 st synagogue in the U.S. The Great Awakening was a important religious movement for Christians which began in the 1730’s This movement “awakened” or revived many colonists interested in religion This was led by Protestants Preachers traveled from town to town and held outside services because of the sizes

George Whitefield was one of the Great Awakening leaders Trained at one of the many new churches and colleges established to train ministers Traveled the colonies collecting money to build orphanages in Georgia Benjamin Franklin gave him all the money he had on him after hearing preach in Philadelphia in 1739

Boston News-Letter: 1 st newspaper in the 13 colonies to be published on a regular basis By the 1770’s, there were dozens of newspapers John Peter Zenger: Was a printer Thrown in jail in New York 1734 for printing his political opinions This newspaper was known as the New York Weekly Journal.

Poor Richards Almanac: Benjamin Franklins publication One of the most popular books in the 13 colonies ONLY The Bible sold more copies during this time Almanac: This is a reference book with facts and figures Reading & letter writing were important activities for colonists Letters were folded & sealed with melted wax Envelopes were seen as a waste of paper Letters helped colonists keep in touch far apart

Colonists used corn, learned from Native Americans to make: bread puddings Pancakes served with maple syrup Other foods: Fish or meat stews with vegetables seasoned with salt and pepper Deserts were also common in the colonies: Ice cream Doughnuts Fruit Pies

Lesson 4: Everyday Life in the Colonies Studies 5 th Grade Mr. Vida

Do you think slavery was as important to the economic growth of the Northern Colonies as it was to the Southern Colonies? How can you tell?

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Remember: An important part of colonial trade was slave trade Slavery can be traced back to the earliest records, such as The Code of Hammurabi which is a well-preserved Babylonian law code of ancient Mesopotamia, dating back to about 1754 BC Venture Smith Told the story of his life in a 1798 published book Enslaved at age 6 from West Africa & shipped to New England Worked extra jobs & after 30 years, bought his & his family’s freedom

New England & Middle Colonies Work – some on farms, but most worked in stores, inns, homes & as skilled artisans More opportunities in north. Some could earn wages to buy their freedom from extra jobs Travel restrictions Even in the North, could not travel or go on a ship without written permission Colonist passed these laws to make it difficult for escape

Some slaves were held on small farms or in cities but most were forced to work on huge plantations West African slaves brought a variety of skills to Southern Plantations Growing rice (Carolinas) Carpenters Blacksmiths tailors Still work lasted all day & many times night & families struggled to stay together (broke up & sold)

Enslaved people kept African culture alive through music: Made drums, banjos, and other instruments Some Southern colonies banned these for fear slaves were using these to send secret messages

Olaudah Equiano : 1756, brought to North America on a trading ship Later gain freedom, and wrote a book about his life; published in 1789 Demanded readers think about the evils of slavery “…[breaks] that first natural right of mankind, equality & independence”

Enslaved people resisted by working slowly, breaking tools, pretending to be sick, or attempting escapes Stono Rebellion (1739): Group of slaves fought slave owners Stono River, South Carolina 25 white colonist killed; slaves were executed