Warm Up 10/10/12 1.Article I, II, and III of the constitution are about the three branches of government, what are the three branches of government?

From the Constitution of Japan We, the Japanese people, acting through our duly elected representatives in the National Diet, determined that we shall secure for ourselves and our posterity the fruits of peaceful cooperation with all nations and the blessings of liberty throughout this land.... Which of these is a source for the ideas outlined in the Japanese Constitution? A. Charter of the United Nations B. legal writings of Thomas Hobbes C. writings on constitutions by Voltaire D. United States Constitution

Warm Up 10/7/14 1.What is an estate, list the members of each estate? 2. Which estate paid all of the taxes?

Warm 10/9/14 1.Why did the third estate feel that the estates general was unfair? 2.What was the goal of the Tennis Court Oath?

French Revolution

Standard 10.2 Students compare and contrast the Glorious Revolution of England, the American Revolution, and the French Revolution and their enduring effects worldwide on the political expectations for self-government and individual liberty. Compare and contrast=similarities and differences Enduring effects=lasting changes Political=government Individual liberty= personal rights

Standard 10.2 Simplified Students find the similarities and differences between the Glorious Revolution, the American Revolution, and the French Revolution, and examine their lasting effects on government and individual rights

Glorious Revolution American Revolution Declaration of Independence 1776 (we are breaking away) -Constitution 1787 (rules of government) -Bill of Rights 1791(rights of people) French Revolution

Standard Explain how the ideology of the French Revolution led France to develop from constitutional monarchy to democratic despotism to the Napoleonic empire.

Objective Students chart the characteristics of Frances first, second, and third estate, identifying how the meeting of the estates-general led to a constitutional monarchy.

Social Classes MembersCharacteristics Paid Taxes First Estate Second Estate Third Estate

Europe 1789 France

A Society Divided In 1789 France still adhered to a class system dating back to the Middle ages( ). France was divided into three social classes, or estates. What does this remind you of?

First Estate First Estate: Clergy (church) The church in 1789 enjoyed great wealth and privilege. Owned about ten percent of the land. Collected tithes and paid no direct taxes. 100,000 of 25 million

Second Estate Second estate: Nobility (wealthy land owners) Held top jobs in government, the army, and the courts. Owned about 25% of France’s land No taxes 400,000 of 25 million

Third Estate Third Estate: Bourgeoisie as well as rural peasants. Bourgeoisie: middle class includes bankers, merchants, lawyers, doctors, journalists, professors, and manufacturers.

Third Estate The majority of the third estate was comprised of rural peasants. Peasants made low wages and were at risk of starving with any rise in bread prices. Paid taxes on nearly everything

French Society 1 st Estate Clergy 2 nd Estate: Nobles Third Estate: Everyone else Atlantic Ocean Mediterranean Sea Spain Great Britain English Channel France 1700s  Paris Versailles Seine R. Pyrenees Mts. Alps

Estates (Social Classes) in France Third Estate

Europe What is the significance/importance of this cartoon? It shows how the king, 1 st Estate, and the 2 nd Estate abused, used and depended on the 3 rd Estate

French Economic Crisis Louis XIV left France in a deep debt. To cover expenses the government borrowed money Increased taxes to solve financial situation Built Massive palace in Versailles

Economic Crisis Continued Louis XV ran up more debts spending excessively (seven years war) Louis XVI inherited a large debt. (American revolution) Louis XVI

The French Monarchy: Louis XVI & Marie Antoinette

Louis XVI appointed a financial expert to help solve the economic crisis, but when he suggested taxing the first and second estate he was dismissed. Jacques Necker

Estates General In 1789 Louis XVI summoned the estates general (meeting of the estates) to meet at Versailles in order to address the financial crisis, and possible new taxes. The meeting began in May of 1789 and was stalled immediately.

Before the meeting began the King had each estate prepare cahiers, notebooks filled with grievances. Pretend you are a member of the third estate make a list of grievances you may want to present to King Louis XVI?

Last time it was called into session was 1614! King Louis XVI calls the Estates-General 1789

Voting Traditionally each group met and voted separately. Each group received only one vote. First and second estate always outvoted the third estate. 1 vote 2 to 1 1 st estate2 nd estate 3 rd estate

France’s Population France’s Estates Representatives First estate: clergy Second estate: nobles Third Estate: everyone else 1 vote 1%2% 97%

Tennis Court Oath June 1789 The Third Estate declared itself the National Assembly. National Assembly = 3 rd estate When they were locked out of their meeting hall they moved to a nearby indoor tennis court where they swore an oath “never to separate and to meet whenever the circumstances might require until we have established a sound and just constitution.”

Tennis court Oath Tennis Court Oath: National assembly (third estate) swore to never separate until they created a constitution. Promise

We will create a constitution Tennis Court Oath

Storming the Bastille July 14, 1789 * * The Third Estate acted on a rumor that the king was planning a military coup against the National Assembly. *The Third Estate attacks the Bastille, because they believed it had gunpowder and weapons they need to fight the Revolution.

The Bastille

Review 1.France’s financial problems were a result of what? 2.Why did the third estate feel that the traditional voting practice of the Estates- General was unfair? 3.How were the powers of the monarchy limited?

Causes of French Revolution Direct Causes 1. Inequalities in the estates 2. Monarch deficit spending (spend more than you have) (financial Crisis) 3. Hunger and Poverty Bad Harvests = majority of people were broke and hungry >>>> Leads to Bread Riots

Indirect Causes 1.Enlightenment Ideas (John Locke right to overthrow a government) 2.American Revolution Ideas from the American revolution liberty equality etc.