Homeland Security CJ355 Week 8 Police Tactical Preparation and Citizen’s Role in Homeland Security

Terrorism Defined PremeditatedThreatening innocent to create fear DeliberateIntimidation to gain a political or tactical advantage Systematic murderTo influence an audience Mayhem

The End Introductory Criminal Analysis Thomas E. Baker PRENTICE HALL ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.

Purpose of Terrorism  Seize political power  Affect public opinion and seize the media  Maintain internal discipline  Discredit and disrupt the government  Win new members  Project strength that far exceeds their numbers

Terrorist Goals  Discourage impending foreign investments or foreign government assistance programs  Influence elections

Terrorist Goals  Free prisoners  Satisfy vengeance  A series of goal-oriented attacks to wear down the local government and achieve their long-range goals

5 Forms of Terrorism Ideological Criminal Revolutionary Nationalistic State-sponsored Criminal

Criminal Terrorism  Involves use of terror for profit or psychological gain Criminal

Ideological Terrorism  Normally an effort to change ruling political power  Some governments employ use of death squads.  Actions might appear to be part of a repressive government.  Actually extension of revolutionary terrorists

Nationalistic Terrorism  Different from ideological terrorism  Terrorist activity that supports interests of an ethnic or nationalistic group  Regardless of political ideology  Often align with either Western or Eastern ideologies

State - Sponsored Terrorism  Governmental regimes use or threaten to use violence in international relations outside established diplomatic protocol.  Represents a low-risk, low-budget method of conducting foreign policy

Revolutionary Terrorists  Persons whose guerrilla like tactics invokes fear in those holding political power as well as their supporters  Goal is to overthrow the current power base and replace it with political leaders who share the views of the terrorists.

Hardcore Leadership Command Active cadre Active supporters Passive supporters

Typical Smaller Terrorist Group Command element Intelligence section Support section Tactical units

Countering Terrorism  Anti-terrorism (proactive)  Planning and training  Counter-terrorism (reactive)  Response to an on- going terrorist incident (tactical stage)

NYPD Spies on American Muslims  Please check this out and let me know when you return.  My mic will be turned off.  com/watch?v=T4XY 1wlo8Zw com/watch?v=T4XY 1wlo8Zw

NYPD Spies on American Muslims  com/watch?v=ZGvv oEq_TaQ com/watch?v=ZGvv oEq_TaQ  I will be turning off my Mic  Remember to let me know once you have returned.

Terrorism Response Model AntiterrorismCounterterrorism Terrorism Collecting intelligence Analyzing vulnerabilities Preventative measures Planning for crisis management Responding to terrorist incident Crisis management

Anti-Terrorism Program Measures  Proactive phase  Preventative stage of countering terrorism  Basic crime prevention surveys  Target hardening procedures  Planning and training

CounterTerrorism Reactive tactical operations Gathering information Planning and trainingAnalysis On-going incidentReactive stage of countering terrorism

Threat Analysis  Criminal Information + Threat + Vulnerabilities = Threat Analysis

Threat Analysis  Analyze target vulnerability to terrorist threat  Uncover and isolate security weaknesses

Identify the Threat  Critical Phase of Counterterrorism Program  Gathering information on terrorist threat  Gathering intelligence on terrorist threat  Firm understanding of open-source information  Criminal information  Intelligence

Threat Analysis  Ability to think like a terrorist  Develop potential scenarios  Identify and counter threat  Consistent evaluation of threat  Use operations security (OPSEC)  Crime prevention and threat committees

Proactive Antiterrorism Dimensions Law enforcement patrol & reactive responses Operations security Personal security Personal security operations internal & external Crime prevention proactive responses, Problem-oriented policing

Operations Security  Objectives of operations security are to:  Avoid stereotyping operations  Understand techniques used by terrorists to collect intelligence

Operations Security (continued)  Integrate operations security aspects into physical and personnel security programs  Deny intelligence and information to the adversary  Develop essential elements of friendly information

Security Measures Desire + Opportunity = Crime

Crime Prevention  Crime Prevention:  Essential element of model  Three major security components  Operational  Personnel  Physical

Crime Prevention Measures Suggested in Model  Extensive  Unique characteristics of terrorist threat  Include special procedures for responding to:  Bombings  Bomb threat  Protecting high-risk targets  Facilities  Personnel