Human Reproductive Systems: Anatomy and Functions

Human Reproductive Systems Male Reproductive System Testes Sperm Production Female Reproductive System Internal Anatomy Male/Female Comparisons

BACK Vas Deferens

1-Testis 2-Epididymis 3-Vas Deferens BACK Vas Deferens

BACK

NEXTBACK

Fallopian tube Ovary Cervix Vaginal Wall Uterus Ovary Uterine Lining BACK

Acrosome Nucleus BACK

NEXT

BACK

Male Parts: Scrotum-sac of skin containing testis Testis-contain a series of ducts that produce sperm through meiosis; temp of 35°C/95°; temp regulated by scrotum contracting/relaxing from body body cavity-- also produces hormones (testosterone) Epididymis-stores/matures sperm Vas Deferens-after stimulation, sperm highway from epididymis to urethra Seminal Vesicle-produces nourishing fluid (fructose), proteins, and other fluids for sperm to be healthy (semen) Prostate Gland- It is about the size of a walnut and encircles the urethra as it leaves the urinary bladder. The secretions of the prostate are thin, milky colored, and alkaline. They function to enhance the motility of the sperm. (semen); #1 cancer in men 40+ Ejaculatory Duct-tube that delivers semen into urethra; Urethra-carries urine from bladder/semen out of penis Bulbourethral Gland (Cowpers)-produces basic solution to neutralize in urethra from urine and for harsh environment in acidic vagina; lubrication Penis Sperm: Acrosome- produces enzymes to facilitate penetration of the egg Sperm: Nucleus-contains 23 chromosomes Semen-secretion from seminal vesicle, prostrate gland, cowpers gland and sperm --Provides a watery environment in which the sperm cells can swim while outside the body --Provides nutrients for the sperm cells (fructose, amino acids, vitamin C) --Protects the sperm cells by neutralizing acids in the female's sexual tract Foreskin-protection against disease in old days when not so clean; irony now is that when left, it allows infection to form if not taken care of The volume of semen in a single ejaculation may vary from 1.5 to 6.0 ml. There are usually between 50 to 150 million sperm per milliliter of semen. About 350 million per ejaculation. Sperm counts below 10 to 20 million per milliliter usually present fertility problems. Although only one sperm actually penetrates and fertilizes the ovum, it takes several million sperm in an ejaculation to ensure that fertilization will take place. Produce over 400 billion in lifetime Takes approximately 70 days for a sperm to fully develop. Continuous process produces million sperm/day Sperm have lifespan of 3-5 days if in the proper environment

Female Parts: Ovary-produces eggs and hormones [testes] Fallopian Tube/Oviduct-egg highway to uterus; [vas deferens]; fertilization happens here Uterus-holds developing embryo/fetus/baby Vagina-birth canal; muscular tube that receives penis Labium majora-outer folds of skin; oil glands; pubic hair [scrotum]; labia Labium minora-inner folds of skin; oil gland/scent production in some animals; labia Clitoris-similar to penis; can be stimulated; enlarges, erection, very sensitive Urethra-carries urine only from bladder; note position when pregnancy Cervix-circular ring of strong muscles separating vagina and uterus; cervical cancer; mucousy before ovulation to prevent infection, less sperm---watery when ovulating Egg release can’t be stimulated like sperm Takes 5-7 days for egg tot ravel fallopian tube to uterus. Within hrs of ovulation, egg dies if not fertilized. Egg has to be fertilized in fallopian tube. -Oogenesis – process of development of mature unfertilized eggs (ova) through meiotic divisions. -At birth – 2 million primary versions of eggs that will become mature eggs. -Unlike males, no more cells that will become eggs will be produced after birth. -Early versions of eggs remain suspended in development until puberty and production of FSH that triggers development by finishing meiosis. -Only about 400 of the original 2 million primary versions will actually become mature eggs. -Menstrual Cycle has two main phases-gets eggs ready and send on way for fertilization

--Egg Cycle Pics