1 Changes During Puberty

2 1.What are some physical changes that you anticipate during your teen years? 2. What are some of your questions or concerns about these changes? 3. What psychological changes do you anticipate with friends or with your family? 4. What are some of your questions or concerns about these changes? 5. Who can you talk with when you have questions about these physical or emotional changes? Think About This

3 Heredity  A Punnett square for sex determination using the sex chromosomes:  The female produces only one type of egg with respect to sex chromosomes.  She is XX so, with respect to sex chromosomes, she is "homozygous". The male produces two types of sperm, one carrying the X and the other the Y. He is a "heterozyogte", with respect to his sex chromosomes.  Because men are "heterozygotes" it is their sperm that determines whether the woman gives birth to a son or daughter. Men determine the sex of their children.

4 Let’s Take a Look Alleles are all the forms of a gene for any given trait. There are usually two allele possibilities for every trait. For example: E and e are both alleles for the trait of ear lobes.  Capital letters represent Dominant traits  Lower case letters represent Recessive traits  Unattached Earlobes – It’s a recessive trait!

5 Physical Development  Adolescence is the second-fastest period of physical growth. (you are adolescents)  Girls typically begin puberty earlier than boys do, but this is not always the case.  Usually starts between the ages of 8 and 14.  Puberty is the time when youth start developing physical characteristics of adults of your gender.

6 Physical Development  Pituitary Gland sends messages to our bodies.  Testosterone = Male Hormone  Estrogen = Female Hormone  Hormones are the messages sent to our reproductive systems.

7 Physical Changes During Puberty

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13  At the onset of puberty, our pituitary gland inside our brain begins to send tiny messengers, called hormones, throughout our body.  Females have two small, almond-shaped organs called the ovaries, which contain thousands of tiny eggs.  These glands begin making estrogen, which is the hormone responsible for many of the changes in the female body during puberty, including growing hair, growth spurt, and growing breasts. The Story About Change

14  Inside one of the ovaries, an egg will begin to grow. When it reaches the surface of the ovary, it pops through and travels through one of the Fallopian tubes.  Eventually, it will reach an organ which is shaped like an upside-down pear, called the uterus, which will have become  lined with blood and tissue, which serve to protect the egg if it becomes fertilized.  If an egg is fertilized, a woman has become pregnant. The Story About Change

15  How does fertilization occur?  A male adolescent has two reproductive organs, called testicles, which produce a male hormone called testosterone.  These organs also produce sperm, which are tiny male cells which join with the egg to cause fertilization. The Story About Change

16  How does the sperm get to the egg?  Another sex organ, called the penis, will become stiff, or erect, when there is increased blood flow, allowing the male cells to flow through a tube called the urethra, where it may eventually swims to the join the female's egg. The Story About Change

17 Answer Together

18 Human Sexual Development At the onset of puberty, our ___________ gland inside our brain begins to send tiny messengers, called ___________, throughout our body. Females have two small, almond-shaped organs called the ___________, which contain thousands of tiny ___________. These glands begin making ___________, which is the hormone responsible for many of the changes in the female body during puberty, including ___________, ___________, and ___________. Also, inside one of the ovaries, an _________ will begin to grow. When it reaches the surface of the ovary, it pops through and travels through one of the ___________ tubes. Eventually, it will reach an organ which is shaped like an upside-down pear, called the ___________, which will have become lined with ___________ and ___________, which serve to protect the egg if it becomes fertilized. If an egg is fertilized, a woman has become ___________. How does fertilization occur? A male adolescent has two reproductive organs, called ___________, which produce a male hormone called ___________. These organs also produce ___________, which are tiny male cells which join with the egg to cause fertilization. How does the sperm get to the egg? Another sex organ, called the ___________, will become stiff, or ___________, when there is increased blood flow, allowing the male cells to flow through a tube called the ___________, where it may eventually swims to the join the female's egg. What if an egg is not fertilized? Another process will occur, called ___________, or "having your period." Approximately once a month, if the egg is not fertilized, the lining of blood and tissue will descend through a small opening, called the ___________, and into the vagina. This menstrual fluid will flow out of the body for approximately three to five days. Many girls at this time may feel abdominal cramps, occasional fatigue, headaches, and even fluctuations in moods. These symptoms are called premenstrual syndrome, or ___________ for short. Maintaining a healthy diet and moderate exercise can help ease the effects of this cycle of life.

19 STUDY for your QUIZ! -Diagrams of Male & Female Systems -What are the Male & Female Hormones? -What is the gland that starts it all…? -Define/describe fertilization -Characteristics of change during puberty -(Male, Female, Both)