Centro Astronómico de Yebes Observatorio Astronómico Nacional ALMA CAY 24/02/2003SRON (Groningen)1 Development of IF Amplifiers for ALMA Isaac López-Fernández Carmen Diez Rafael Garcia Juan Daniel Gallego Alberto Barcia

Centro Astronómico de Yebes Observatorio Astronómico Nacional ALMA CAY 24/02/2003SRON (Groningen)2 OUTLINE Presentation of O bservatorio A stronómico N acional Experience in Cryogenic Amplifiers Particularities of Cryogenic Amplifiers Devices HIFI Amplifiers Isolators ALMA Amplifiers Summary

Centro Astronómico de Yebes Observatorio Astronómico Nacional ALMA CAY 24/02/2003SRON (Groningen)3 ORGANIZATION

Centro Astronómico de Yebes Observatorio Astronómico Nacional ALMA CAY 24/02/2003SRON (Groningen)4 ORGANIZATION: AREAS STAFF:Technical: 10 Eng.+ 5 Tech. Scientific:12 Astr. Admin:7

Centro Astronómico de Yebes Observatorio Astronómico Nacional ALMA CAY 24/02/2003SRON (Groningen)5 INTERNATIONAL PROJECTS

Centro Astronómico de Yebes Observatorio Astronómico Nacional ALMA CAY 24/02/2003SRON (Groningen)6 TECHNICAL PROJECTS (1) 40m Antenna: –Commissioning:2004 –Receivers –Holography HERSCHEL: –DM:finished –QM:2003 –FM/FS: –Launch:2007

Centro Astronómico de Yebes Observatorio Astronómico Nacional ALMA CAY 24/02/2003SRON (Groningen)7 TECHNICAL PROJECTS (2) IRAM: –Next Generation Plateau de Bure Receivers ESOC: –X band Cryogenic Amplifiers for DSN receivers

Centro Astronómico de Yebes Observatorio Astronómico Nacional ALMA CAY 24/02/2003SRON (Groningen)8 Experience in Cryogenic Amplifiers (1) More than 150 cryogenic LNAs for different applications: –IRAM: Grenoble, PdB interferometer, 30m (IF amplifiers) –HERSCHEL: DMs for mixer groups ( CALTECH, DEMIRM, IRAM, JPL, KOSMA, SRON) DMs Delivered (QMs, FMs, FSs in ALCATEL) –CFA: Harvard, USA, SMA –ARECIBO ( Puerto Rico) –BORDEAUX Observatory –EMCOR (Atmospheric sensing) –PRONAOS (mm receiver in stratospheric balloon) –ESOC: DSN X band receivers –CAY: VLBI receivers (X and K band)

Centro Astronómico de Yebes Observatorio Astronómico Nacional ALMA CAY 24/02/2003SRON (Groningen)9 Experience in Cryogenic Amplifiers (2) Wide experience with HEMT devices –More than 30 batches of commercial GaAs transistors tested –Several models of InP transistors measured JPL-TRW (CHOP program): 15 batches, 9 models ETH Zurich: 8 batches, 4 models Chalmers University: 1 batch

Centro Astronómico de Yebes Observatorio Astronómico Nacional ALMA CAY 24/02/2003SRON (Groningen)10 Particularities of Cryogenic Amplifiers Extreme range of temperatures (  400 K) Mechanical stress due to differential expansion coefficients –Substrates –Connectors –Epoxy Some passive components do not work –Resistors –Capacitors Some semiconductors do not work (carrier freezing) –HEMTs may need illumination –LEDs –Zenner

Centro Astronómico de Yebes Observatorio Astronómico Nacional ALMA CAY 24/02/2003SRON (Groningen)11 Stress Relief Contacts An example: ‘O’ ribbon connection in the SMA tab contact: –Allows mobility in three axis –Excellent electrical properties compared with traditional SMA connections

Centro Astronómico de Yebes Observatorio Astronómico Nacional ALMA CAY 24/02/2003SRON (Groningen)12 Microwave Capacitors at Cryogenic Temperature

Centro Astronómico de Yebes Observatorio Astronómico Nacional ALMA CAY 24/02/2003SRON (Groningen)13 Design Description (1) Interstage matching circuits MICROTECH DC connector SMA connector Bias cavity with biasing circuits Transistor area detail. See source inductive feedback and drain resistive loading ETH transistor with bonding wires 1 23 Input matching circuit Output matching circuit

Centro Astronómico de Yebes Observatorio Astronómico Nacional ALMA CAY 24/02/2003SRON (Groningen)14 TRW T-42 CRYO3  200×0.1 μm gate  Best performance TRW T-45 CRYO4  200×0.1 μm gate  Used in DMs  Space qualifiable, to be used in FMs  CHOP developed ETH T-35  200×0.2 μm gate  Experimental transistor  Design by request  Used in MPAs 0.22 mm 0.19 mm Transistors

Centro Astronómico de Yebes Observatorio Astronómico Nacional ALMA CAY 24/02/2003SRON (Groningen)15 HIFI YCF 6004 m=65 g 58 x 32 x 15 mm

Centro Astronómico de Yebes Observatorio Astronómico Nacional ALMA CAY 24/02/2003SRON (Groningen)16 HIFI YCF 6004 (Noise and Gain)

Centro Astronómico de Yebes Observatorio Astronómico Nacional ALMA CAY 24/02/2003SRON (Groningen)17 HIFI YCF 6000 (Noise and Gain)

Centro Astronómico de Yebes Observatorio Astronómico Nacional ALMA CAY 24/02/2003SRON (Groningen)18 HIFI YCF 6000 (I/O Reflection)

Centro Astronómico de Yebes Observatorio Astronómico Nacional ALMA CAY 24/02/2003SRON (Groningen)19 HIFI YCF 6000 (Gain Stability)

Centro Astronómico de Yebes Observatorio Astronómico Nacional ALMA CAY 24/02/2003SRON (Groningen)20 HIFI YCF 6000 (Results)

Centro Astronómico de Yebes Observatorio Astronómico Nacional ALMA CAY 24/02/2003SRON (Groningen)21 Isolators: Measurements

Centro Astronómico de Yebes Observatorio Astronómico Nacional ALMA CAY 24/02/2003SRON (Groningen)22 Isolators: P erformance

Centro Astronómico de Yebes Observatorio Astronómico Nacional ALMA CAY 24/02/2003SRON (Groningen)23 Isolators 14 K (PAMTECH gives 77 K) Good agreement between measurement and estimation of isolator noise Mean contribution 1.1 – 1.4 K Isolators

Centro Astronómico de Yebes Observatorio Astronómico Nacional ALMA CAY 24/02/2003SRON (Groningen)24 ALMA YCA 1000 FEATURES 3 stages for more gain InP in first stage for low noise GaAs in 2 nd and 3 rd stages for easy procurement Smaller size and weight (no extra cavity) Less limitations in power dissipation

Centro Astronómico de Yebes Observatorio Astronómico Nacional ALMA CAY 24/02/2003SRON (Groningen)25 ALMA YCA 1002 m=31 g 46 x 29 x 9.0 mm

Centro Astronómico de Yebes Observatorio Astronómico Nacional ALMA CAY 24/02/2003SRON (Groningen)26 YCA 1002 (Noise and Gain)

Centro Astronómico de Yebes Observatorio Astronómico Nacional ALMA CAY 24/02/2003SRON (Groningen)27 YCA 1002 (Noise and Gain)

Centro Astronómico de Yebes Observatorio Astronómico Nacional ALMA CAY 24/02/2003SRON (Groningen)28 YCA 1001 (Gain Stability)

Centro Astronómico de Yebes Observatorio Astronómico Nacional ALMA CAY 24/02/2003SRON (Groningen)29 YCA 1001 (Gain Stability)

Centro Astronómico de Yebes Observatorio Astronómico Nacional ALMA CAY 24/02/2003SRON (Groningen)30 YCA 1001 Stability

Centro Astronómico de Yebes Observatorio Astronómico Nacional ALMA CAY 24/02/2003SRON (Groningen)31 HIFI YCF 6004/ALMA YCA 1002

Centro Astronómico de Yebes Observatorio Astronómico Nacional ALMA CAY 24/02/2003SRON (Groningen)32 PA/QA (Qualification) Performance tests at 15K 25 cryogenic cycling between RT and 15K 5 warm cycling between RT and 80ºC 144 hrs. extended bake-out at 80ºC Vibration (sine/random) at 77K 25 cryogenic cycling between RT and 15K Performance tests at 15K

Centro Astronómico de Yebes Observatorio Astronómico Nacional ALMA CAY 24/02/2003SRON (Groningen)33 PA/QA (Acceptance) Performance tests at 15K 3 cryogenic cycling between RT and 15K Vibration (sine/random) at RT Performance tests at 15K

Centro Astronómico de Yebes Observatorio Astronómico Nacional ALMA CAY 24/02/2003SRON (Groningen)34 Industry: ALCATEL Clean room for assembly Cryostat (property of OAN) for measurements Specialized in production for space (strict QA) Experience with HERSCHEL amplifiers

Centro Astronómico de Yebes Observatorio Astronómico Nacional ALMA CAY 24/02/2003SRON (Groningen)35 Industry: TTI Bonding machine Experience in cryostats Complete receiver with S/X cryogenic amplifiers delivered to Finland GHz with Fujitsu devices (20  h  k)

Centro Astronómico de Yebes Observatorio Astronómico Nacional ALMA CAY 24/02/2003SRON (Groningen)36 Summary ALMA 4-8 GHz based on the HIFI heritage –Prototype almost ready –Isolator available (PAMTECH) –IRAM (Band 7): 8 units June 2003 –SRON (Band 9): 2 units June 2003 ALMA 4-12 GHz –Development not started yet –Prototype Isolator available (PAMTECH) –2 Amplifiers needed by December 2003

Centro Astronómico de Yebes Observatorio Astronómico Nacional ALMA CAY 24/02/2003SRON (Groningen)37 ESOC Ampl. Long Term Stability (1)

Centro Astronómico de Yebes Observatorio Astronómico Nacional ALMA CAY 24/02/2003SRON (Groningen)38 ESOC Ampl. Long Term Stability (2)

Centro Astronómico de Yebes Observatorio Astronómico Nacional ALMA CAY 24/02/2003SRON (Groningen)39 ESOC Ampl. Short Term Stability (1)

Centro Astronómico de Yebes Observatorio Astronómico Nacional ALMA CAY 24/02/2003SRON (Groningen)40 ESOC Ampl. Short Term Stability (2)

Centro Astronómico de Yebes Observatorio Astronómico Nacional ALMA CAY 24/02/2003SRON (Groningen)41 ESOC Ampl. Gain Variation with Temperature