Circulatory System

Major Parts Heart: muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body Veins: Carries oxygen-poor blood TO heart O 2 poor blood – valves to prevent backflow Artery: Carries oxygen-rich blood TO body O 2 rich blood – expand and contract - beat Capillaries: microscopic blood vessels only one-cell thick where exchange oxygen & waste

Pathway of Blood 1) Left Ventricle9) Pulmonary Vein 2) Aorta/artery10) Right Atrium 3) Capillary11) Left Ventricle 4) Vein 5) Right Atrium 6) Right Ventricle 7) Pulmonary Artery 8) Lungs

Blood Pressure Measure of the pressure exerted by the blood on the vessel walls Systole: heart contractions, highest pressure Diastole: heart relaxes, lowest pressure

Blood Pressure Normal blood pressure (healthy adult) Systole120 Diastole 80 Normal range for teens 100to

Circulatory Problems Hypertension: higher than average blood pressure Atherosclerosis: blocked arteries due to fat deposits, blood clots, and other materials

Cardiovascular Problems Many factors affect the rate of blood flow including: – Genetics – Lifestyle factors such as diet, exercise, stress, drugs, alcohol, obesity, sodium and sugar intake

Semester 2 Exam Review Use text pg to answer questions 3 – 8 on pg. 7-8 in the Exam Review Packet. #3 – pg. 957 #4 – pg. 958 #5, #6, #7 – pg. 959 #8 – Pg

Notes from pg common circulatory system diseases a. heart disease b. stroke c. high blood pressure

Atherosclerosis Atherosclerosis: blocked arteries due to fat deposits, blood clots, and other materials

Hypertension Hypertension = High Blood Pressure Hypertension: higher than average blood pressure – this can lead to heart disease, hardened arteries, and kidney damage. What happens? Heart struggles to pump blood, and a tear shape forms in arteries which leads to atherosclerosis.

3 Controllable Risk Factors Diet Exercise Weight Smoking Drinking Diabetes High Blood Pressure High Blood Cholesterol

3 Uncontrollable Risk Factors Age Family History - Genes Gender

Cholesterol Organic compound (Lipid) that is used to maintain membrane fluidity. It is also used to synthesize hormones. Good cholestrol = HDL Bad cholestrol = LDL – blocks arteries