SOUTHERN REGIONAL LOAD DESPATCH CENTRE DELEGATES FROM JAPAN

INDIA POLITICAL MAP POPULATION :- 103 CRORES AREA :- 3,419 (‘000 SQ KM) STATES :- 29 UT :- 6 BIGGEST CITY :- MUMBAI INDIA POLITICAL MAP GARDEN CITY SILICON VALLY WE ARE HERE

REGIONAL GRIDS INSTALLED CAPACITY TOTAL 115,569 MW NORTHERN :- 31,230 MW EASTERN :- 17,697 MW SOUTHERN :- 31,931 MW WESTERN :- 32,354 MW NORTH-EASTERN :- 2,357 MW TOTAL 115,569 MW NORTHERN REGION NORTH-EASTERN REGION EASTERN REGION WESTERNREGION SOUTHERN REGION

SOUTHERN REGION WESTERNREGION EASTERN REGION NORTHERN REGION NORTH-EASTERN REGION ‘ ELECTRICAL’ REGIONS 1 2 3 TALA PROJECT-LARGE CENTRAL GRID ARUNACHAL TO GUJARAT ON SAME FREQ SAME FREQUENCY FROM GUJARAT TO ARUNACHAL PRADESH WITH EFFECT FROM MARCH 2003 ABOUT 2800 KMS! APART

‘ELECTRICAL’ REGIONS NORTHERN REGION 1 NORTH-EASTERN REGION EASTERN REGION WESTERNREGION 2 TALA PROJECT-LARGE CENTRAL GRID ARUNACHAL TO GUJARAT ON SAME FREQ SOUTHERN REGION WITH THE COMMISSIONING OF THE TALA PROJECT CONNECTING THE EASTERN AND NORTHERN GRIDS, INDIA WILL HAVE ONLY TWO GRIDS

SOUTHERN REGION – GEOGRAPHY ANDHRA PRADESH TAMIL NADU KARNATAKA KERALA POPULATION :- 22.5 CRORES ( 22% OF INDIA) AREA :- 651 (‘000 SQ KM)(19% OF INDIA) INSTALLED CAPACITY:- 31,931 MW(27.6%) WEATHER :- South-west monsoon North-east monsoon SEA COAST :- AROUND 4000 KM TALA PROJECT-LARGE CENTRAL GRID ARUNACHAL TO GUJARAT ON SAME FREQ

SR STATES – GEOGRAPHY ANDHRA PRADESH KARNATAKA PONDICHERRY KERALA POPULATION :- 7.6 CRORES AREA :- 275 (‘000 SQ KM) NO OF CONSUMERS :- 162 LAKHS PER CAPITA CONS. :- 560 UNITS MAIN AGRICULTURE CROP :- RICE CLIMATIC CONDITION :- HOT AND HOT & HUMID KARNATAKA POPULATION :- 5.3 CRORES AREA :- 192 (‘000 SQ KM) NO OF CONSUMERS :- 105 LAKHS PER CAPITA CONS. :- 389 UNITS MAIN AGRICULTURE CROP :- COFFEE & RAGI CLIMATIC CONDITION :- HOT AND HOT & HUMID PONDICHERRY POPULATION :- 9.7 LAKHS AREA :- 492 SQ KM PER CAPITA CONS. :- 165 UNITS CLIMATIC CONDITION :- HOT & HUMID KERALA POPULATION :- 3.2 CRORES AREA :- 39 (‘000 SQ KM) NO OF CONSUMERS :- 61 LAKHS PER CAPITA CONS. :- 300 UNITS MAIN AGRICULTURE CROP :- COCONUT & SPICES CLIMATIC CONDITION :- HUMID TAMIL NADU POPULATION :- 6.2 CRORES AREA :- 130 (‘000 SQ KM) NO OF CONSUMERS :- 152 LAKHS PER CAPITA CONS. :- 586 UNITS MAIN AGRICULTURE CROP :- SUGAR CANE & OIL SEEDS CLIMATIC CONDITION :- HOT AND HOT & HUMID TALA PROJECT-LARGE CENTRAL GRID ARUNACHAL TO GUJARAT ON SAME FREQ

SR STATES – POWER SYSTEM STATISTICS KARNATAKA INSTALLED CAPACITY – 5802 MW MAX DEMAND MET – 5445 MW DAILY CONSUMPTION MAX – 107 MU DAILY CONSUMPTION AVG – 84 MU CONSUMER PROFILE – DOM INDU AGRI COMML OTHERS 37% 26% 33% 3% 1% . ANDHRA PRADESH INSTALLED CAPACITY – 9531 MW MAX DEMAND MET – 7441 MW DAILY CONSUMPTION MAX – 166 MU DAILY CONSUMPTION AVG – 130 MU CONSUMER PROFILE – DOM INDU AGRI COMML OTHERS 22% 29% 34% 5% 10% . TAMIL NADU INSTALLED CAPACITY – 7074 MW MAX DEMAND MET – 7228 MW DAILY CONSUMPTION MAX – 147 MU DAILY CONSUMPTION AVG – 126 MU CONSUMER PROFILE – DOM INDU AGRI COMML OTHERS 21% 33% 27% 9% 10% . KERALA INSTALLED CAPACITY – 2617 MW MAX DEMAND MET – 2426 MW DAILY CONSUMPTION MAX – 39 MU DAILY CONSUMPTION AVG – 34 MU CONSUMER PROFILE – DOM INDU AGRI COMML 76% 2% 6% 16%. TALA PROJECT-LARGE CENTRAL GRID ARUNACHAL TO GUJARAT ON SAME FREQ

GROWTH OF INSTALLED CAPACITY OF SR IN MW Average Growth ~ 5 %

INSTALLED CAPACITY IN SR STATES HYDRO THERMAL NUCLEAR DIESEL/GAS WIND OTHERS TOTAL % AP 3586 2993   272 2 6853 21% KAR 3166 1470 128 5 4769 15% KER 1808 235 2043 6% TN 1996 3570 423 19 6008 19% C.S 6990 830 360 8180 26% IPP 229 794 2432 245 377 4078 13% 10785 15817 3851 271 31931 34% 50% 3% 12% 1% NOTE:- --- TAMILNADU HAS ABOUT 1344 MW OF WINDMILL POWER WHICH IS NOT INCLUDED IN THE INSTALLED CAPACITY. --- LIKEWISE MICRO AND CAPTIVE CAPACITIES ARE NOT INCLUDED

SOURCE-WISE INSTALLED CAPACITY OF SR IN MW NUCLEAR OTHERS WIND HYDRO GAS THERMAL 31,931 MW

AGENCY-WISE INSTALLED CAPACITY OF SR 31,931 MW IN MW IPP ANDHRA PRADESH CENTRAL SECTOR KARNATAKA TAMIL NADU KERALA

TYPICAL LOAD CURVE OF SR EVENING PEAK SUMMER WINTER MONSOON WEATHER RESERVOIR CONSUMPTION SCROLL DEMAND

LOAD COMPOSITION IN SOUTHERN GRID Domestic Others Industry Commercial Agriculture

TYPICAL LOAD SPREAD IN SR LOAD 500-1200 MW LOAD 200-500 MW

SR GRID - HIGHLIGHTS WIDE SPREAD TRANSMISSION NETWORK HIGHEST CAPACITY HVDC LINK IN COUNTRY GENERATING UNITS OF VARIED TYPE & CAPACITY 32 Nos. of 400 KV SUB-STATIONS 17600 MVA TRANSFORMATION CAPACITY INTER-REGIONAL LINKS WITH ALL NEIGHBOURING REGIONS

GRID OPERATION – TYPICAL PROBLEMS LOW FREQUENCY PROBLEMS FREQUENCY EXCURSES TO LOW VALUES LOW VOLTAGE OPERATION VOLTAGE AT EHV GRID LEVEL DIPPES TO CRITICALL LOW LEVELS SYSTEM BROWNOUTS / BLACK OUTS LOADS FREQUENTLY CUT OFF DUE TO RELAY OPERATION INCREASED ELECTRICAL LOSSES INEFFICIENT OPERATION OF ELECTRIC EQUIPMENTS ...THE END RESULT :

GRID OPERATION PRESENT STABILISED SYSTEM FREQUENCY IMPROVED VOLTAGES MERIT ORDER OPERATION INTER REGIONAL EXCHANGES IMPROVED GRID SECURITY JAN - 02 OCT - 04 400 MU CONS IN A DAY-1.5% IS 6 MU, 2190 MU IN A YEAR, 2/UNIT IS 4400 MILLION RUPEES IS 440 CRORE RUPEES

...THESE EVENTS CHANGED THE FACE OF GRID OPERATION LANDMARKS UNIFIED LOAD DESPATCH SCHEME AVAILABILITY BASED TARIFF TALCHER-KOLAR HVDC LINK OPERATIONAL EXCELLENCE SPECIFIC ACTIONS BY SRLDC FINANCIAL DISCIPLINE SCHD DRWL ...THESE EVENTS CHANGED THE FACE OF GRID OPERATION

MONSOONS SOUTH WEST MONSOON NORTH EAST MONSOON

400 KV LINE PRESENTLY OPERATED AT 220 KV GRID MAP TALCHER BHADRAVATI JEYPORE 178x2 2x221 SIMHADRI NTPC 8x4 RSTPP 400 KV LINE PRESENTLY OPERATED AT 220 KV 1 GAZUWAKA(AP) 189 301x2 P 15x2 187 195 267x2 VISAKHAPATNAM (POWERGRID) HYDERABAD KHAMMAM P 197x2 P 115 317 P MMDP 155 P 146x2 258 221x2 VIJAYAWADA RAICHUR P NAGARJUNASAGAR TYPICAL FLOWS ARE FROM NORTH TO SOUTH GRID FOCAL POINT SHIFTED TO KOLAR AFTER COMMISSIONING OF HVDC QUANTUM CHANGES IN FLOW PATTERN LIKELY AFTER COMMISSIONING OF KOODANKULAM 2000 MW Nagjhari 172 279 308 MUNIRABAD SSLMM KODASAALY P 277 KAIGA KURNOOL 52x2 N SIRSI 120 P GOOTY 60 CUDDAPAH DAVANAGERE P 300 302 173 NELLORE KADRA HIRIYUR 330 242 NELAMANGALA 28 BANGALORE ALMATHI HOODY P KOLAR MADRAS P TALGUPPA HOSUR MAPS 182 181 63 175 SALEM PONDICHERY P 54 179 NEYVELI 151 164x2 UDUMALPET 130x2 P TRICHY TRICHUR P P 127 130x2 P MADURAI ABOUT 12000 CKM 400KV TRANSMISSION PALLOM T.L.BREAKUP IS NEXT! EDAMON THIRNELVALI KAYANKULAM 2x78 THIRUVANATHAPURAM KOODANKULAM

TRANSMISSION IN SOUTHERN INDIA VOLTAGE LEVEL AP KAR KER TN CGS TOTAL 400 KV 2042 1614   8462 12118 220/230 KV 10050 7590 2650 6270 366 26926 132/110 KV 12360 6060 3720 10220 32360 24452 15264 6370 16490 8828 71404 ABOUT 2800 CKM OF 400 KV LINES ADDED IN THE PAST 2 YEARS

TALCHER KOLAR SCHEMATIC Electrode Station Electrode Station KOLAR +/- 500 KV DC line 1370 KM Kolar 400kv System 220kv system Hosur Hoody B’lore Chintamani Salem Madras Cudappah Udumalpet

GENERATING UNITS IN SOUTHERN REGION UNIT CAPACITY AP KAR KER TN CGS TOTAL THERMAL (500 MW) 2 7 9 THERMAL (200-250 MW) 10 13 15 45 GAS/THERMAL (100-150 MW) 3 24 HYDRO (>50 MW) 27 16 85 48 36 19 38 163 A.P TYPICAL GENERATOR SPREAD IN SR KAR - HYDRO - THERMAL KER TN GENERATORS ABOVE 1000 MW - GAS / NAPTHA GENERATORS 500 – 1000 MW - NUCLEAR GENERATORS BELOW 500 MW

GENERATING UNITS AND CAPACITY UNIT CAPACITY AP KAR KER TN CGS TOTAL THERMAL(500 MW) 2 7 9 THERMAL (200-250 MW) 10 13 15 45 GAS/THER(100-150 MW) 3 24 HYDRO(>50 MW) 27 16 85 48 36 19 38 163

400KV SUB-STATIONS IN SR 8 4 2 14 5 9 1 6 19 32 AP KAR KER TN   POWERGRID STATE OTHERS TOTAL AP 8 4 2 14 KAR 5 9 KER 1 TN 6 19 32 KALPAKKA RAMAGUNDAM 1 GAZUWAKA SIMHADRI P HYDERABAD KHAMMAM P P P MAMIDIPALLY P VIJAYAWADA RAICHUR P NAGARJUNASAGAR MUNIRABAD SRI SAILAM P KURNOOL P GOOTY CUDDAPAH 60 DAVANAGERE P NELLORE HIRIYUR NELAMANGALA TALAGUPPA BANGALORE P KOLAR HOODY MADRAS P -- OF POWERGRID HOSUR -- OF NTPC NEYVELI TPS I (EXP) 63 SALEM -- OF ANDHRA PRADESH P NEYVELI -- OF KARNATAKA UDUMALPET P TRICHY -- OF NLC TRICHUR P P P MADURAI

ICT SUMMARY IN SOUTHERN INDIA VOLTAGE RATIO AP KAR KER TN CGS TOTAL 400/230 or 400/220 KV 7 2 5 29 50 400/132 or 400/110 KV --- 3 8 31 55

INTER REGIONAL LINKS ORISSA CSEB MAH A.P KAR T.N KER HVDC BI POLE CHANDRAPUR TALCHAR ORISSA JEYPORE CSEB MAH BALIMELA RAMAGUNDAM BARSUR GAZUWAKA U.SILERU KOLHAPUR L.SILERU A.P BELGAUM AMBEWADI HVDC BI POLE HVDC B2B STATION GOA KAIGA CENTRAL GEN.STATION KAR 220 kV LINE 400 kV LINE KOLAR MAPS 110 kV HVDC LINE NEYVELI PONDICHERRY T.N KER POWERGRID SRLDC

Inter Regional Links Present IR Capacity = 9,000 MW 1650 MW 700 MW 2300 16,000 700 MW 32,700 MW 1200MW Present IR Capacity = 9,000 MW 30,500 MW 2000MW

INTER-REGIONAL TRANSFER BY END OF 11th PLAN (2012) SOUTHERN REGION WESTERNREGION NORTHERN REGION NORTH-EASTERN REGION INTER-REGIONAL TRANSFER BY END OF 11th PLAN (2012) 13450 MW 1000 MW 6450 MW 4600 MW 1300 MW 3200 MW EASTERN REGION 30,000 MW OF INTER-REGIONAL POWER BY 2012

STABILISED SYSTEM FREQUENCY TYPICAL FREQUENCY CURVE SCATTER DIAGRAM HISTOGRAM OF FREQUENCY FREQUENCY DURATION CURVE Df/dT CURVE RECORD FVI OF 0.04

FREQUENCY PROFILE 2002, 2003 & 2004

2004 2003 2002 <49.0 49.0 & <49.5 49.5 & <50.5 50.5 & Above   <49.0 49.0 & <49.5 49.5 & <50.5 50.5 & Above Max Min Avg FVI St. Dev 2004 0.03 1.46 98.28 0.23 50.82 48.62 49.95 0.31 0.12 2003 0.17 8.32 90.66 0.85 50.85 48.60 49.81 0.95 0.18 2002 73.62 12.45 12.84 1.09 51.08 47.69 48.63 23.59 0.44 2004 2003 2002 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

COMPARISION OF BANGALORE VOLTAGE-TYPICAL DAY 2003 2004 BETTER VOLTAGE PROFILE MEANS LESS ELECTRICAL LOSSES REALITY BITE: FARMERS IN KARNATAKA ARE HAPPY WITH FEWER HOURS OF QUALITY POWER!!. EFFICIENCY OF PUMPS AT TG HALLI WATER WORKS IMPROVED! 2002

WATER SUPPLY TO BANGALORE PUMPING LOSSES REDUCED ENORMOUS SAVINGS TO THE STATE MOTOR BURNING AND MAINTENANCE COSTS ALSO CAME DOWN DRASTICALLY LOW VOLTAGE PROBLEMS AROUND BANGALORE HAMPERED WATER SUPPLY EARLIER WITH BETTER VOLTAGE NOW, PUMPING EFFICIENCY HAS IMPROVED 400 KV STATION AT MYSORE BEING COMMISSIONED ON WAR FOOTING TO FURTHER FORTIFY THIS PART OF THE GRID

CUM. INS. CAP. ABOUT 16000 MW OF CAPACITY IS BELOW 300 Ps

MERIT ORDER : UNITS BOXED UP POWER STATION STATE CAPACITY(MW) FUEL VARIABLE COST TATA DIESEL KARNATAKA 79 DIESEL 308 RAYALSEEMA DGPP 27 360 YELEHANKA DIESEL 128 314 THANRBHAVI 220 NAPTHA 325 SUB-TOTAL 454   BRAHAMPURAM DPP KERALA 107 275 BSES 157 KASARGODE PCL 22 298 KAYAMKULAM 322 646 BASIN BRIDGE TAMIL NADU 120 584 P.P.NALLUR 330 415 450 TOTAL 1550

INTER – REGIONAL(01/01/03 TO 10/10/04) (+) IMPORT / (-) EXPORT INTER REGIONAL UI (WR):- +357 MU – 211 MU INTER REGIONAL UI (ER):- +693 MU – 21 MU AVG RATE OF IMPORT FROM WR IN PS/U 134 PS/U @WR 247 PS/U @SR AVG RATE OF EXPORT TO WR IN PS/U 163 PS/U @SR 287 PS/U @WR AVG RATE OF IMPORT FROM ER IN PS/U 145 PS/U @ ER 212 PS/U @ SR

MAJOR AND MINOR DISTURBANCES SINCE 1994 SPS NO DISTURBANCES DESPITE LOSING ENTIRE SUPER GENERATING PLANTS LIKE RAMAGUNDAM,VIJAYAWADA,KOTHAGUDEM, NORTH CHENNAI, SHARAVATHY ETC

SHARP PEAK DEEP VALLEY DEEP VALLEY

KADAMPARAI PUMP OPERATION SAVINGS OF RS 40 LAKHS EVERY DAY INVESTMENT OF 1600 CRORES SAVED GENERATOR MODE PUMP PUMP THE PUMP MODE WAS NOT UTILISED SINCE INCEPTION!!!

OPTIMAL RESERVOIR UTILISATION IDUKKI IN KERALA KERALA SAVED RS 50 CRORES BY EFFICIENT UTILISATION OF THE RESERVOIRS AT IDUKKI! POWERGRIDs 400 KV MADURAI-TRIVANDRUM LINE WILL HELP KERALA SAVE EVEN MORE ENERGY IN THE COMING YEAR Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. 400 MU IS WORTH 800 MILLION RUPEES AT RS 2.00/UNIT WHICH IS 80CRORE RUPEES PLANT OPERATORS AT IDUKKI THINK OF THE RESERVOIR LEVEL IN RUPEES RATHER THAN IN FEET!!! Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs.

FREQUENCY CURVE FOR 9th SEPTEMBER 2004 FVI = 0.04 Avg Freq = 49.99Hz 10 * ∑ (F – 50) 2 FVI = ------------------------------- 24 * 60

SPECIFIC ACTION BY RLDC LOSS REDUCTION TAP CO-ORDINATION FILTER CO-ORDINATION REDUCED LINE OPENING HVDC SET POINT CHANGES VAR MANAGEMENT REVIVAL OF DORMANT INTER-STATE LINES 100% DISBURSEMENT IN SETTLEMENT SYSTEM OPTIMISATION OF INTER-REGIONAL EXCHANGES MERIT ORDER OPERATION

TALCHER-KOLAR INTER –TRIP SCHEME (STAGE-1) IN THE EVENT OF TRIPPING OF TALCHER-KOLAR POLE/BIPOLE, INSTANTANEOUS AND IMMEDIATE 500MW LOAD RELIEF IS OBTAINED FROM THE FOLLOWING SUBSTATIONS : -KARNATAKA: HOODY, KOLAR -TAMILNADU: SRIPERAMBADUR , HOSUR -ANDHRA PRADESH: CHINKAMPALLI Note: This scheme is already in vogue

TALCHER-KOLAR INTER –TRIP SCHEME (STAGE-2) IN THE EVENT OF TRIPPING OF TALCHER-KOLAR BIPOLE ADDITIONAL 1000MW LOAD RELIEF TO BE OBTAINED FROM THE FOLLOWING SUBSTATIONS : -KARNATAKA: SOMANAHALLI -TAMILNADU: MADURAI,THIRUVARUR,INGUR,KAIRAKUDDY -ANDHRA PRADESH: SOMAYAJULAPALLI, GOOTY, ANANTAPUR, KARNOOL -KERALA: TRICHUR NORTH , KOZHI-KODE

GENERATION ADDITION & SYSTEM STRENGTHENING (RECENT PAST) 500MW TALCHER U # 5 ON COMMERCIAL OPERATION W.E.F 1ST NOV 04 500MW U#7 AT NTPC, RAMAGUNDAM TEST SYNCHRONISED ON 26-SEP-04. SYSTEM STRENGTHENING 220KV INTER-STATE LINES OF AP – KAR IN PARALLEL SEDAM – TANDUR FROM 18-AUG-04 GOOTY – ALIPUR FROM 10-SEP-04 40% FIXED SERIES COMPENSATION COMMISSIONED AT GOOTY OF GOOTY-HOODY LINE ON 19/OCT/04 FLOW INCREASED FROM 110MW TO 140MW. CUDDAPAH OF N’SAGAR-CUDDAPAH D/C LINE ON 20-21/OCT/04 FLOW INCREASED FROM 270MW TO 355MW. 400KV RAMAGUNDAM – HYDERABAD III & IV ON COMMERCIAL OPERATION FROM 01-NOV-04.

Components of inter-utility tariff (Pre – ABT Mechanism) Fixed charges Interest on loans Depreciation O & M charges Return on equity Interest on Working Capital Energy charges (fuel cost) Incentives Surcharge & other levies No charge for reactive energy

Unscheduled Interchange (UI) Payment to Inter State Generating Stations (ISGS) from beneficiaries under Availability Based Tariff (ABT) Capacity charges Energy charges Unscheduled Interchange (UI)

CAPACITY CHARGE Capacity charge will be related to ‘availability’ of the generating station and the percentage capacity allocated to the state. ‘Availability’ for this purpose means the readiness of the generating station to deliver ex-bus output expressed as a percentage of its rated ex-bus output capability.

ENERGY CHARGE Energy charges shall be worked out on the basis of a paise per kwh rate on ex-bus energy scheduled to be sent out from the generating station as per the following formula Energy charges = Rate of energy charges (paise/kwh) x Scheduled Generation (ex-bus MWh)

UNSCHEDULED INTERCHANGE (U I) : Variation in actual generation / drawal with respect to scheduled generation / drawal shall be accounted for through Unscheduled Interchange (UI). UI for generating station shall be equal to its total actual generation minus its scheduled generation. UI for beneficiary shall be equal to its total actual drawal minus its total scheduled drawal.

UNSCHEDULED INTERCHANGE (U I) : UI shall be worked out for each 15 minute time block. Charges for all UI transactions shall be based on average frequency of the time block. UI rates shall be frequency dependent and uniform throughout the country.

UI RATE Rate of Unscheduled Drawal/Injection Frequency (Hz) Rate (p/u) Above 50.5 50.0 150 49.8 210 49.0 and below 570

AVAILABILITY BASED TARIFF CAPACITY CHARGE ENERGY CHARGE ADJUSTMENT FOR DEVIATIONS (U I CHARGE) (A) = a function of the Ex-Bus MW availability of Power Plant for the day declared before the day starts x SEB’s % allocation from the plant (B) = MWh for the day as per Ex-Bus drawal schedule for the SEB finalised before the day starts x Energy charge rate (C) = Σ (Actual energy interchange in a 15 minute time block – scheduled energy interchange for the time block) x UI rate for the time block TOTAL PAYMENT FOR THE DAY = (A) + (B) ± (C)

FEATURES : No complication regarding deemed generation. (A) and (B) do not depend on actual plant generation / drawal. No metering required for this as they are based on off-line figures. All deviations taken care of by (C) No complication regarding deemed generation. Perpetual incentive for maximizing generation and reducing drawal during deficit, but no incentive to over generate during surplus.

THE FIRST SCHEME: 1996 KHAMMAM VIJAYAWADA NAGARJUNASAGAR HYDERABAD RAICHUR GOOTY HOODY SALEM UDUMALPET TRICHUR MADURAI TRICHY MADRAS NEYVELI CUDDAPAH DAVANAGERE KAIGA 115 317 RSTPP BHADRAVATI 130x2 164x2 182 151 181 173 302 308 172 277 279 155 178x2 BANGALORE SIRSI MUNIRABAD P N JEYPORE 63 187 2x221 54 Kadra Kodasally Nagjhari 1 120 60 MAPS NELLORE By Tripping of Salem-Bangalore and Cudddapah-Madras Southern Grid was getting devided into two blocks NELAMANGALA GAZUWAKA HIRIYUR 189 267x2 258 242 175 179 127 221x2 146x2 52x2 301x2 300 28 330 FIG-2 THE SR GRID IN 1996

THE FIRST SCHEME: 1996 CONDITIONS Line Name Frequency Below (Hz) POWER FLOW(MW) Time delay (second) Type of Relay CUDAPPA-MADRAS 47.8 0.5 UF SALEM- BANGALORE 1 48.0 100 MW towards CUDAPPA RPUF 300 MW towards BANGALORE

SPECIAL PROTECTION SCHEMES DEFINITION PROTECTION SCHEME DESIGNED TO DETECT ABNORMAL SYSTEM CONDITIONS AND TAKE PREDETERMINED CORRECTIVE ACTION (Other than isolation of faulty element) PRESERVE SYSTEM INTEGRITY AND PROVIDE ACCEPTABLE SYSTEM PERFORMANCE

WHY SPS? OPERATIONAL REASONS OUTAGE OF HIGH CAPACITY GENERATING UNITS,HVDC INTERCONNECTION OF LARGE TRANSFER CAPABILITY WIDE SEASONAL FLUCTUATION IN LOADING PATTERN STAGGERING AND ROSTERING OF LOADS SUDDEN IMPACT ON LARGE GRIDS DUE TO SYATEM DYANAMICS AND SWINGS.

WHY SPS? COMMERCIAL REASONS SKEWED GENERATION AND LOAD PATTERN AND PRESSURE ON RELIABILITY MARGINS DUE TO DRIVEN BY COMMERCIAL MECHANISMS OPEN ACCESS INCREASE IN TRADE VOLUME INCREASE IN COMPETITION MERIT ORDER OPERATION

WHY SPS? PLANNING ISSUES ECONOMY OF SCALE THE SYSTEM PLANNERS TEND TO UTILIZE THE EXISTING NETWORK DELAYS IN NETWORK EXPANSION DUE TO ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS SEASONAL OVER LOADS LINES AND GENERATORS NOT COMING IN TANDEM

WHY SPS? Mission of power system engineers is to provide Stable Secured and Reliable power supply at least possible cost to the end consumer. SPS is an important tool in achieving this For System Planner It reduce the compromise between cost and quality For operational planner It enables to manage severe contingencies like tripping of generators multiple outage of transmission lines etc

POSSIBLE SYSTEM PROLEMS UNIT FAILURE INSUFFICIENT GENERATION TRANSFORMER/ LINE FAILURE LOSS OF LOAD REDUCED NETWORK REDUNDANCY LINE OVERLOAD OR UNSATISFACTORY BUS VOLTAGE BUS ISOLATED ISLANDING SYSTEM COLLAPSE POSSIBLE SYSTEM PROLEMS

FIVE MODES OF OPERATION NORMAL RESTORATIVE A L E R T DISTURBANCE EMERGENCY

FIVE MODES OF OPERATION NORMAL RESTORATIVE A L E R T DISTURBANCE EMERGENCY

HIGH SPEED INTER-TRIP SCHEME AT KOLAR TO TALCHER KURNOOL SOMYAZULA PALLI GOOTY CUDDAPAH KOLAR SOMANHALLI SPBDR HOODY HOSUR PONDICHERY SALEM BAHOOR NLC II NLC -1 EXP. TRICHUR TRICHY UDUMALPET MADURAI

HIGH SPEED INTER-TRIP SCHEME AT KOLAR MODE OF OPERATION POWER LEVEL FOR GENERATING INTERTRIP SIGNAL MONO POLAR >400 MW AND THE POLE TRIPS BI-POLAR IF BOTH POLE ARE CARRYING > 800 MW EACH AND ONE POLE TRIPS IF EACH POLE IS CARRYING POWER IN THE RANGE OF 400 TO 800 MW AND ONE POLE TRIPS AND AFTER THE DELAY OF 2 SECS THE POWER ON SURVIVING POLE IS LESS THAN 600MW IF POWER FLOW ON EACH POLE > 200 MW AND BOTH POLES TRIP WITH IN 2 SECS

KAIGA EVACUATION PROBLEM SPS BASED SOLUTION HUBLI NAGJHERI 855 MW THESE LINES ARE TRIPPED IF >600 AMPS FOR 1SEC OR > 900 AMPS FOR 300 MSEC, KODASHALLI 120 MW 400 KV LINE OPERATED AT 220 KV PROBLEM OF OVERLOADING WHEN HIGH GENERATION AT KALI COMPLEX KAIGA 440 MW GUTTUR SIRSI KADRA 150 MW

PROPOSED SPS AT RAICHUR PROPOSED SPS BASED SOLUTION RTPS UNITS TO BACK-DOWN BASED ON FLOW ON RAICHUR-N’SAGAR LINE N’SAGAR RAICHUR CUDDAPAH MUNIRABAD GOOTY DAVANGERE HVDC LINES FROM ER HIRIYUR SOMANAHALLY TRIPPING OF THESE LINES INCREASES THE FLOW ON RAICHUR-N’SAGAR LINE KOLAR NELAMANGALA LOAD CENTRE HOODY

Hierarchy of The ULDC Scheme in Southern Region RLDC,Bangalore SCC, Pondy CPCC Hyderabad Kalamassery Chennai Bangalore Andhra Kerala Tamilnadu Karnataka Bangalore Hyderabad Kalam’erry Chennai Lingusugur Cuddapah Kannur Erode Warangal Trivandrum Madurai Hubli Vijayawada

EMS/SCADA Package … Contd Sl No: Constituent RTUs supplied Existing RTUs integrated Control Centres 1.0 APTRANSCO 91 - 4 2.0 TNEB 40 35 3 3.0 KPTCL 22 21 4.0 KSEB 30 5.0 UT of Pondy 5 9 1 6.0 Central Sector 27 Total 215 65 15 RTUs Grand Total : 280

Karnataka Andhra Pradesh UT of Pondy Kerala Tamilnadu Information Flow to Control Centres Ramagundam Karnataka Warangal Satellite Ghanapur HYDERABAD Vijayawada Andhra Pradesh Hubli Davangeree MW Link Chinkampalli Bangalore FO Link State owneed Link CHENNAI Sub-LDC SLDC Pondy Kannur-B Erode RCLDC UT of Pondy Kerala KALAMASSERY Tamilnadu Madurai Vydyuthi Bhavanam

Communication Channel for Information flow RLDC Wide Band Commn (MW / FO) SLDC SLDC Wide Band Commn Sub-LDC Sub-LDC Wide Band / PLCC Commn RTU RTU RTU

CISCO ROUTER & NETWORKING DATABASE ADMINISTATION ULDC TRAINING SL NAME OF THE TRAINING FROM TO Participants Man days 1 CISCO ROUTER & NETWORKING 19-01-2004 24-01-2004 17 102 2 XA-21 USER LEVEL 23-02-2004 28-02-2004 10 60 3 RTNA WORKSHOP 29-03-2004 31-03-2004 14 42 4 AIX OPERATING SYSTEM 17-05-2004 22-05-2004 15 90 5 21-06-2004 25-06-2004 6 30 DATABASE ADMINISTATION 22-11-04 04-12-04 19 228

Complexities in Monitoring & Control Annual Inter-Regional Southern Region Grid Complexities in Monitoring & Control Integrated Opn of Ten Power Utilities Annual Inter-Regional Energy Transfer ≈10,000MU Generators –Hydro, Thermal,Gas/IPP 422 nos. Transmission Network 400/220kV ≈ 37500 Ckm Installed Capacity ≈31870 MW 40,000 POINTS Active Power, Reactive Power, Voltage, Frequency, Transformer Tap Position, Circuit Breaker Position, Isolator Position etc. Transformation Capacity ≈ 45000 MVA Transformers (220kV and above) 480 nos. Dynamic Grid Conditions

Bouquet of Benefits Integrated System Operation with improved system visibility Enhanced Operation Efficiency Quality Power - Frequency and Voltage Control Merit Order and Economic Load Dispatch Fewer System Collapses & Faster Restoration First Step towards Sub-station Automation Adaptability to the ever growing Power System

TALCHER KOLAR HVDC LINE LENGTH:1400 KMS HVDC STATION KOLAR (KARNATAKA) TALCHER ORISSA) TALCHER KOLAR HVDC LINE LENGTH:1400 KMS

TALCHER KOLAR LINK ONE OF THE LONGEST HVDC LINES IN THE WORLD DESIGNED TO EVACUATE 2000 MW COMMISSIONED IN ADVANCE TO UTILISE NON-PEAK SURPLUS POWER OF EASTERN REGION COMMISSIONED 9 MONTHS AHEAD OF SCHEDULE THE PROJECT HAS USED APPROXIMATELY 90,000 TONNES OF STEEL AND 16,000 KM OF CABLES

TALCHER KOLAR HVDC LINK BENEFITS TO SOUTHERN REGION SUBSTANTIAL IMPROVEMENT IN THE VOLTAGE PROFILE FOR THE REGION. TRUNK LINE LOADINGS EASED – INCREASED TRANSFER MARGIN. MAX IMPORT FROM ER 1600 MW MORE DEMAND IS BEING MET. DEPLETED HYDRO RESERVES IS BEING CONSERVED. AVERAGE COST OF POWER IS BROUGHT DOWN SURPLUS IN ER EFFECTIVELY UTILISED PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT OF POWER STATIONS IN EASTERN REGION INCREASED STOA TRANSACTIONS ABOUT 13000 MU IMPORTED ON THIS LINK TILL DATE!!

TALCHER-KOLAR IMPORT OF 12728MUs FROM ER THROUGH TALCHER-KOLAR UPTO OCT-04 YEAR ---> 2002 2003 2004 MONTHS TOTAL ENERGY (IN MU) MAX FLOW (IN MW) JAN --- 311 850 805 1528 FEB 273 1010 701 1508 MAR 491 1316 837 1600 APR 473 1183 923 1500 MAY 172 1026 652 1385 JUN 277 994 688 1416 JUL 319 1075 759 1490 AUG 346 1088 628 1341 SEP 6 200 512 1533 742 1552 OCT 58 500 508 1458  829 1550 NOV 77 470 1048  DEC 241 750  630 1383  TOTAL 382   4782 7564 MAX

RESERVOIR LEVEL - COMPARISON LEVEL IN MTS LEVEL 30-Nov-03 30-Nov-04 JALAPUT 837.48 836.17 LINGANMAKKI 545.35 548.61 SUPA 534.73 545.48 IDUKKI 715.65 772.96 KAKKI 969.19 972.43 NILGIRIS TOTAL ENERGY 30-Nov-03 30-Nov-04 RISE IN MU % RISE 514 440 74 14 2148 2708 560 26 1062 1787 725 68 947 1413 466 49 528 612 84 16 559 1463 904 162 5758 8423 2665 46 Only 7500MUs Reserve till next monsoon (6 Months) 40 MUs/day could be generated as against about 70 MUs/day at present.

GRID OPERATION: A TIGHT ROPE WALK POWER SWINGS INSTABILITY INCREASED LOSSES BLACK-OUT IN-ECONOMIC OPERATION VOLTAGE COLLAPSE