New Imperialism ( )

Industrialism fueled Imperialism The Industrial Revolution increased countries’ needs for both raw materials and markets for their goods. The Industrialized powers of Europe competed for control of different parts of the world. Their policy of directly or indirectly controlling other lands (i.e. trying to build an Empire) was known as imperialism. Imperialism was viewed as a necessary policy if a country was going to have a strong economy and become a world power. A model of Imperialism

Other causes for Imperialism Nationalism furthered imperialism as each country felt it needed to show its power by building an empire. Pride motivated as well as profit. Europeans had led the industrial revolution and believed the new technology they had developed was proof of their superiority. Some believed it was their calling to dominate the world. Click here for Rudyard Kipling’s famous poem “White man’s Burden. And click here for an African- American response to this poem

Christian Missionary Work Christianity also played a big role in imperialism. By the 1800s missionaries had done lots of work in Asia and Africa, and had written accounts of what they had seen. These accounts motivated many to expand imperialism. The slave trade still existed in parts of the world such as East Africa, and missionaries believed that only European domination would end the slave trade. David Livingstone was a Scottish Missionary famous for his work in Africa

EFFECTS OF IMPERIALISM Europe’s desire to control other parts of the world had a dramatic effect on world culture. European manufactured goods flooded world markets and replaced traditional industries. European lifestyles, social, political and economic philosophies were spread around the world.

Different Forms of Imperialism Imperialism took different forms, however all pretty much had the same purpose: Serving the mother country. Colonies: settlement in a new territory, people who settle the area are placed in control Protectorates: take control of a foreign government, but keep their ruler in power. Sphere of Influence: an area indirectly ruled by a foreign government

Britain’s empire reached to all corners of the globe. It was said that “the sun never sets on the British Empire”

Imperialism in Africa Africa was still a relatively unknown continent well into the 1800s. Africa, with its vast natural resources, would become a target for imperialism. European countries scrambled for control of different parts of the continent In 1875 only 10% of Africa was controlled by Europe, by % of Africa was divided into European colonies Liberia and Ethiopia were the only two independent countries in Africa in 1913

A famous political cartoon depicting English Businessman Cecil Rhodes and his plans for England to dominate Africa. The cartoon depicts him holding a telegraph line that would link Cairo (Egypt) and South Africa

The Suez Canal In 1869 a French company built the Suez Canal which linked the Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea, providing a faster route to the Indian Ocean Britain had great interest in the Suez canal, and was able to buy control of the canal. When the Egyptian people revolted against their ruler and tried to take control of the canal, Britain crushed the revolt and made Egypt a protectorate, so they could keep access to the canal.

The Suez Canal is still a vital waterway for military and economic interests

British East India Company India’s Mughal Empire began to lose control of India by the 1700s as most Indians were Hindu, while the Mughals were Muslim. By 1757 the British East India Company, essentially was the main power in India, ruling most of the country either directly or indirectly. The East India company even had its own army, led by British officers and sepoys, the term for Indian soldiers.

The Sepoy Rebeliion In 1857, Sepoys revolted against the British after discovering the rifle cartridges they were using were sealed with pork and beef fat (their religion forbid them from using such products). The East India Company needed aid from the British government to regain control of the country. In 1858, as a result of rebellion the British government took control of India. The Sepoy Rebellion although unsuccessful was an example of armed resistance to imperialism

Britain’s effect on India Britain built India’s infrastructure (rail, telegraph lines, dams, canals) and made it more like a modern European country. However, Indians were treated like second class citizens in their own country and were often discriminated against. Indian Nationalism started to develop by the late 1800s to resist British control. They formed the Indian National Congress in 1885 and called for self-rule by the early 1900s.