STATES OF MATTER Chapter 3

Labs done so far for ch. 3 sections 1 and 2: 1.Distilled wood and related read of temperatures with plateaus for substances produced 2.Distilling solution X (BP/CP – evaporation/condensation)

Kinetic Theory All matter is made of atoms and molecules that act like tiny particles. These tiny particles are always in motion. – temperature movement If temp. = then lighter objects move faster

States of Matter are Physically Different SOLID Closely packed Fixed Positions Vibrate LIQUID Closely packed – but can slide past one another GAS Constant motion – rarely stick together

States of Matter are Physically Different because particle speed is different SOLID To liquid= energy added Is Melting Lots of energy at one time and solid  gas is sublimation LIQUID To gas = Energy added Is Boiling Go right to left and energy will ne taken away at gas  liquid is condense And liquid  solid is melt Lots of energy lost at one time right to left and g  s is deposition

What requires more energy for the same quantity of the same substance? 1.Raising the temperature of a substance 1º C 2.Completing a phase change

I have a solution of liquids. If in the heating process I have 4 distinct plateaus as the liquid changes to gas, how many liquids were in the solution? Unable to tell

SOLIDS Crystalline Solids –Atoms organized in geometric patterns –Crystal systems –Ex: ice, methanol, sodium chloride Amorphous Solids –Atoms not organized in specific patterns –Do not have definite melting pts. –Ex: glass, plastic, gels

LIQUIDS Atoms are close (similar to solids) – but can slip pass each other. No definite shape

GAS Most energetic phase on Earth Move fast – cannot attach to each other No shape or volume

The Phase of a Material Depends on the Motion of Its Particles The Phase of a Material Depends on the Motion of Its Particles

Gas Liquid Solid

Gas Liquid Solid Evaporation

Gas Liquid Solid Condensation

Gas Liquid Solid Condensation Evaporation

Gas Liquid Solid Freezing

Gas Liquid Solid Melting

Gas Liquid Solid Melting Freezing

Gas Liquid Solid

Gas Liquid Solid Sublimation

Gas Liquid Solid Deposition

Gas Liquid Solid Deposition Sublimation

Gas Liquid Solid Deposition Sublimation Melting Freezing Condensation Evaporation

The Phase of a Material Depends on the Motion of Its Particles The Phase of a Material Depends on the Motion of Its Particles

What is the most common state of matter in the universe? 1.Solid 2.Liquid 3.Gas 4.plasma

THERMAL ENERGY In a substance is the total energy of all its atoms and molecules Potential and Kinetic Energy

TEMPERATURE Is related to the random motion of atoms and molecules Proportional to the average kinetic energy of molecular motion

HEAT VS TEMPERATURE HEAT –Is energy that is measured in joules or calories TEMPERATURE –Measured in degrees –Measures the expansion or contraction of a liquid

End of Chapter 3 sections 1 and 2