Chemistry What is chemistry?  Chemistry is the study of matter and how matter changes (chemical reactions).  Matter exists in three states; solids, liquids, and gases and is made of extremely tiny particles called atoms.

What is water?  All matter consists of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms bond together to make molecules.  One drop of water consists of 4.7 x 10 20, or 470,000,000,000,000,000,000 molecules.

Molecular Motion

States of Matter  Matter is defined as anything that has a mass and takes up space. All matter is composed of extremely tiny particles called atoms.  On planet Earth, matter can exist as solids, liquids, and gases.

Do Now  What happens to atoms/molecules as the penny is being heated?  Physical properties can be observed or measured without changing the composition of matter. MaterialDensityMelting Pt.Boiling Pt Copper8.9g/mL1983 C2700 C Zinc7.14g/mL716 C1665 C Water1.0g/mL0 C100 C

Most matter exists in three states!  Solids – have a definite shape and volume. The atoms of solids are in a fixed position and are closely packed together.

Liquids  Liquids have a definite volume but no shape of its own.  The atoms are free to move, which allow liquids to flow from place to place. 

Gases  Gases – have no definite shape or volume. The atoms of gases spread apart filling all the space available.

Charles Law  As the temperature of a gas increases, the volume increases. As the temperature of a gas decreases, the volume also decreases.

Melting  The change from a solid to a liquid is called melting. As a substance is melting, the particles of a solid are vibrating so fast that they break free from their fixed position.

Freezing  The change of state from a liquid to a solid is called freezing. At its freezing temperature, the particles of a liquid are moving so slowly they begin to solidify. Gasoline freezes at -184 C

Perfect Distance from the Sun!!

Vaporization  Vaporization – liquid to a gas  Two types of vaporization Evaporation – vaporization that takes place on the surface of a liquid. Boiling – occurs when liquid changes to a gas below its surface as well as at the surface.

Condensation  Gas turns into a liquid. Condensation occurs when particles in a gas lose enough energy to form a liquid.

Boyles Law  As the pressure increases, the volume decreases. And, as the pressure decreases, the volume increases.