Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash Jeffrey Howe Winkler Davis Mires Frederick Gardina Pestana THE AMERICAN PEOPLE CREATING A NATION AND A SOCIETY Seventh Edition Chapter Bursting the Bonds of Empire 5
Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash Jeffrey Howe Winkler Davis Mires Frederick Gardina Pestana Bursting the Bonds of Empire The Climactic Seven Years’ War The Crisis with Britain On the Brink of Rebellion Severing the Colonial Bonds Conclusion: Coming of Revolution
Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash Jeffrey Howe Winkler Davis Mires Frederick Gardina Pestana The Climactic Seven Years’ War
Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash Jeffrey Howe Winkler Davis Mires Frederick Gardina Pestana Background England reorganizes imperial administration Board of Trade Royal governors given more power Attempts to enforce policy Economic regulations tie England more closely to its colonies England hopes to control Atlantic trade War with Spain from 1739
Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash Jeffrey Howe Winkler Davis Mires Frederick Gardina Pestana Outbreak of the War As British colonies grow, conflicts with French increase Fort-building along the British-French border English send thousands of troops Initial French victory Indians ally with French 1756 – British declare war on France French and Indian war becomes a world war
Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash Jeffrey Howe Winkler Davis Mires Frederick Gardina Pestana Fighting Indians use European powers against each other French defeated by 1760 Capture of Montréal Fighting continues elsewhere England had defeated the power of France in North America
Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash Jeffrey Howe Winkler Davis Mires Frederick Gardina Pestana Legacy Treaty of Paris, 1763 Spain gets New Orleans, Louisiana Territory Indians now under British rule Most alliances had been with the French British issue Proclamation of 1763 Colonies indebted, weakened
Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash Jeffrey Howe Winkler Davis Mires Frederick Gardina Pestana North America After 1763
Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash Jeffrey Howe Winkler Davis Mires Frederick Gardina Pestana The Crisis with Britain
Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash Jeffrey Howe Winkler Davis Mires Frederick Gardina Pestana Legacy of the Seven Years’ War George Grenville, George III’s chief minister Debt Cost of standing forces in North America New taxes levied Sugar Act, 1764 Stamp Act, 1765
Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash Jeffrey Howe Winkler Davis Mires Frederick Gardina Pestana Reactions to the Stamp Act Virginia’s House of Burgesses responds Debate led by Patrick Henry Virginia Resolves
Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash Jeffrey Howe Winkler Davis Mires Frederick Gardina Pestana Patrick Henry, Forceful Patriot Orator
Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash Jeffrey Howe Winkler Davis Mires Frederick Gardina Pestana Reactions to the Stamp Act (cont’d) Attacks on British agents Stamp Act Congress, New York, September, 1765 Sons of Liberty Violent protest
Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash Jeffrey Howe Winkler Davis Mires Frederick Gardina Pestana British Response Declaratory Act 1766 Townshend duties Colonists attack agents that enforce the measure British troops occupy Boston Fire on crowd, 1770
Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash Jeffrey Howe Winkler Davis Mires Frederick Gardina Pestana Phillis Wheatley
Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash Jeffrey Howe Winkler Davis Mires Frederick Gardina Pestana On the Brink of Rebellion
Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash Jeffrey Howe Winkler Davis Mires Frederick Gardina Pestana Protest among Farmers Regulators Farmers’ associations in North Carolina Used force against courts, opponents Attacked with British troops Similar action in New York Uprising against wealthy landlords
Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash Jeffrey Howe Winkler Davis Mires Frederick Gardina Pestana Committees of Correspondence 1772, British crown takes control in Massachusetts Samuel Adam leads reaction in Boston Committees of Correspondence Further enflamed by Tea Act Tea Act, 1773 Intended to bail out East India Company Leads to boycott, especially by colonial women
Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash Jeffrey Howe Winkler Davis Mires Frederick Gardina Pestana American Liberty Abused
Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash Jeffrey Howe Winkler Davis Mires Frederick Gardina Pestana The Continental Congress Coercive Acts, 1774 In response to Tea Party and other actions Called Intolerable Acts in colonies Boston harbor closed Limited local government Continental Congress called, 1774 Representatives from twelve colonies Local movements now tied together
Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash Jeffrey Howe Winkler Davis Mires Frederick Gardina Pestana Urban Revolt Revolt centered on urban areas Philadelphia Conflicts between merchants and artisans Protest spreads, becomes radical
Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash Jeffrey Howe Winkler Davis Mires Frederick Gardina Pestana Severing the Colonial Bonds
Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash Jeffrey Howe Winkler Davis Mires Frederick Gardina Pestana Rupture General Gage ordered to seize Boston rebels Fighting at Lexington and Concord, April, 1775 Second Continental Congress meets, May, 1775 Olive Branch Petition sent to Britain This attempt at reconciliation rebuffed
Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash Jeffrey Howe Winkler Davis Mires Frederick Gardina Pestana Rupture (cont'd) Common Sense Successful in raising feeling against Britain
Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash Jeffrey Howe Winkler Davis Mires Frederick Gardina Pestana Thomas Paine and the Title Page of Common Sense
Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash Jeffrey Howe Winkler Davis Mires Frederick Gardina Pestana The Declaration of Independence Resolution calling for independence, June 7, 1776 Declaration issued, July 4
Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash Jeffrey Howe Winkler Davis Mires Frederick Gardina Pestana Tearing Down the Statue of George III
Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash Jeffrey Howe Winkler Davis Mires Frederick Gardina Pestana The Articles of Confederation Continental Congress Debate over powers of central government Compromise reached Articles of Confederation, 1777 Congress given extensive powers States given right to tax, but cede land claims Central government has no coercive powers Approved, 1780
Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash Jeffrey Howe Winkler Davis Mires Frederick Gardina Pestana Western Land Claims Ceded by the States, 1782–1802
Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash Jeffrey Howe Winkler Davis Mires Frederick Gardina Pestana Mobilizing Calls both for war and for loyalty to Britain Many protests, often extralegal Revolutionary republicanism Public virtue – ceding private interests to the public good Factions – seen as destructive Political equality – debate over extent
Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash Jeffrey Howe Winkler Davis Mires Frederick Gardina Pestana Mobilizing (cont'd) State governments reorganized Constitutions written
Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash Jeffrey Howe Winkler Davis Mires Frederick Gardina Pestana Debates over State Government Pennsylvania New constitution Intense debate Franchise extended to all white, taxpaying men Massachusetts John Adams helps write constitution Two legislative houses
Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash Jeffrey Howe Winkler Davis Mires Frederick Gardina Pestana Women and the Franchise Few supported extension of the franchise to women Women take part in printed debates Vocal in pressing for rights, though not equality
Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash Jeffrey Howe Winkler Davis Mires Frederick Gardina Pestana Mercy Otis Warren
Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash Jeffrey Howe Winkler Davis Mires Frederick Gardina Pestana Conclusion: Coming of Revolution
Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash Jeffrey Howe Winkler Davis Mires Frederick Gardina Pestana Conclusion: Coming of Revolution Seven Years’ War Britain controls most of North America But Britain begins to reorganize colonies Colonists begin to question their role Colonists’ needs versus imperial goals More colonists become politically active
Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash Jeffrey Howe Winkler Davis Mires Frederick Gardina Pestana Timeline
Copyright ©2011, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash Jeffrey Howe Winkler Davis Mires Frederick Gardina Pestana Timeline