Debate © Cengage/South-Western Slide 1 ORIGINAL ORATORY What is Oratory? Preparing Your Speech The Presentation 11 11

Debate © Cengage/South-Western Slide WHAT IS ORATORY? Understand the significance of oratory in the past. Recognize elements of oratory. Identify appropriate topics for oratory. GOALS

Debate © Cengage Learning/South-Western Slide 3 oratory diction competition and worthiness TERMS

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Debate © Cengage Learning/South-Western Slide 5 Great Orators of the Past Great speakers and their outstanding speeches have made lasting impressions. Abraham Lincoln Gettysburg Address Susan B. Anthony Women’s right to vote John F. Kennedy Inaugural Address

Debate © Cengage Learning/South-Western Slide 6 Elements of Oratory CXers Given a resolution that they will debate for the entire school year LDers About six new resolutions each year Extempers Given three topics each round Original Oratory You can choose what to do in a round.

Debate © Cengage Learning/South-Western Slide 7 Oratory Rules Oratory An event in which the student writes, memorizes, and then delivers a persuasive speech arising from his/her personal feelings and convictions Not more than 10 percent or 150 words can be direct quotation. Between seven and ten minutes long

Debate © Cengage Learning/South-Western Slide 8 Style and Substance Delivery is crucial for a public speaker. Diction Choice of words Your speech should have substance.

Debate © Cengage Learning/South-Western Slide 9 You and Oratory Choose topics That you feel are important That you would like to share with others

Debate © Cengage Learning/South-Western Slide 10 The Oratory Topic Is the topic important enough that the judge and the audience will want to hear about it? Competition worthiness A topic that most people can relate to or feel a stake in Is the topic fresh? Is the topic in good taste?

Debate © Cengage Learning/South-Western Slide 11 Purpose of Oratory Oratory can have many different purposes. Speak about your topic with “some profit to your audience.”

Debate © Cengage/South-Western Slide PREPARING YOUR SPEECH Understand methods for selecting and researching a topic. Identify the various patterns for organizing a speech. Recognize the importance of diction. GOALS

Debate © Cengage Learning/South-Western Slide 13 topic statement outline rhetorical device allusion parallel phrasing repetition TERMS

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Debate © Cengage Learning/South-Western Slide 15 Topic Selection and Research Sources for new ideas include: Your coach Other students

Debate © Cengage Learning/South-Western Slide 16 Listing Possibilities Global National/Social Personal Expanding possibilities Popular culture Narrowing possibilities Topic statement The statement that pinpoints your view on the topic and helps focus your research

Debate © Cengage Learning/South-Western Slide 17 ResearchResearch Brainstorming The Library The Internet

Debate © Cengage Learning/South-Western Slide 18 Organizing Ideas in a Speech Outline Helps you organize your ideas and stay focused when you write your speech Introduction Attention Getter Topic Roadmap Transition

Debate © Cengage Learning/South-Western Slide 19 BodyBody Background-Problem-Solution Pattern Who-What-When-Where-Why-How Pattern Past-Present-Future Pattern Pro-Con Pattern Political-Economic-Social Pattern Effects-Causes-Solutions Pattern Topical Pattern

Debate © Cengage Learning/South-Western Slide 20 ConclusionConclusion Revisit Your Attention Getter Summarize Your Topic Release the Audience

Debate © Cengage Learning/South-Western Slide 21 Expressing Ideas in a Speech Extemp speeches Matter of fact and to the point Oratory Allows you to use your language skills and command of diction

Debate © Cengage Learning/South-Western Slide 22 Rhetorical devices Figurative language that makes oratory effective Metaphors Similes Allusions References to Great literary classics Timeless myths Famous images or people

Debate © Cengage Learning/South-Western Slide 23 Parallel phrasing Structuring related ideas in a similar grammatical way Repetition Can bring attention to your thesis while adding to the rhythm of your speech

Debate © Cengage Learning/South-Western Slide 24 Write for Sound as Well as Sense Orations are meant to be heard. The sound of your speech can Please the audience Emphasize your meaning Structure sentences so that Their lengths vary They flow easily

Debate © Cengage Learning/South-Western Slide 25 Revise and Fine-Tune After your speech is complete, set it aside for a day. If necessary, revise for Content Sound Read and time your speech. Seven to ten minutes Appropriate pace

Debate © Cengage/South-Western Slide THE PRESENTATION Identify techniques for rehearsing. Understand the elements of delivery. Know the procedures at an oratory presentation. GOALS

Debate © Cengage Learning/South-Western Slide 27 body language transitional move volume pitch rate pause enunciation TERMS

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Debate © Cengage Learning/South-Western Slide 29 RehearsingRehearsing Memorize your speech. No notes are allowed.

Debate © Cengage Learning/South-Western Slide 30 Memorizing: Learning Your Speech Section by Section Whole Speech Practice In front of a mirror In front of an audience Use their feedback to improve your speech

Debate © Cengage Learning/South-Western Slide 31 DeliveryDelivery Incorporate the elements of delivery that will really sell your speech.

Debate © Cengage Learning/South-Western Slide 32 Body Language Body language All of the ways your body can move and the positions you can strike that help convey the meaning of what you are saying

Debate © Cengage Learning/South-Western Slide 33 Elements of body language include: Posture Eye Contact Hand Gestures Facial Expressions

Debate © Cengage Learning/South-Western Slide 34 Transitional Moves Going from one spot to another spot when you are moving from one major idea to another major idea in your speech Three to four per speech Transitional moves can complement transitional terms. First, next, and finally Your first and last position are in the same location.

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Debate © Cengage Learning/South-Western Slide 36 VoiceVoice Vocal variety Engages your listeners Helps you emphasize key points Volume The loudness of your voice Pitch How low or high your voice is

Debate © Cengage Learning/South-Western Slide 37 Rate How fast you speak Pauses Brief moments of silence between words or ideas Enunciation The clear, distinct pronunciation of each sound and syllable in a word

Debate © Cengage Learning/South-Western Slide 38 Taping Your Delivery If possible Tape yourself practicing your speech. Make a video of yourself practicing your speech.

Debate © Cengage Learning/South-Western Slide 39 The Presentation Be prompt. Your attire should be neat and clean. Be poised and in control.

Debate © Cengage Learning/South-Western Slide 40 PointsPoints The judge evaluates you on all aspects of your speech. Six is the highest number of points. Awarded to the best orator

Debate © Cengage Learning/South-Western Slide 41 The Written Critique The judge writes comments on the ballot To indicate areas that may need work To note areas that did not fit well within the text of the speech

Debate © Cengage Learning/South-Western Slide 42 The Oral Critique An oral critique is a spoken analysis given by the judge. Usually given during the final round. Do not take comments personally. Thank the judge.

Debate © Cengage Learning/South-Western Slide 43 Ballots as a Resource Save all your ballots. Review comments to see if there are repetitive suggestions for improving a particular area. Your oration should always be evolving.