CHAPTER 12 Reconstruction and Its Effects

ESSENTIAL QUESTION What were the political struggles, accomplishments, and failures of Reconstruction in the years following the Civil War? 3/9/2016 2

3 RECONSTRUCTION  The period of rebuilding that followed the Civil War, during which the defeated Confederate states were readmitted to the Union.

3/9/  One of the congressional Republicans who after the Civil War wanted to destroy the political power of former slaveholders and to give African Americans full citizenship and right to vote. RADICAL REPUBLICANS

3/9/  A federal agency set up to help former slaves after the Civil War. FREEDMEN’S BUREAU

3/9/ WADE-DAVIS BILL  Passed in 1864 and vetoed by President Lincoln, that would have given Congress control of Reconstruction.

3/9/  The discriminatory laws passed throughout the post-Civil War South which severely restricted African Americans’ lives. BLACK CODES

3/9/ CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1866  Granted citizenship and equal protection under the law to African Americans.

3/9/  Added to the Constitution in 1868 making all persons born or naturalized in the U.S. including former slaves- citizens of the country and guarantee equal protection of the laws. FOURTEENTH AMENDMENT

3/9/  Succeeded Abraham Lincoln as president. ANDREW JOHNSON

3/9/ IMPEACH  Formally charge an official with misconduct in office.

3/9/  Adopted to the Constitution in 1870, that prohibits the denial of voting rights to people because of their race or color or because they have previously been slaves. FIFTEENTH AMENDMENT

3/9/  A Northern who moved to the South after the Civil War. CARPETBAGGER

3/9/ SCALAWAG  A white Southerner who joined the Republican Party after the Civil War.

3/9/ HIRAM REVELS  First African American Senator.

3/9/ KU KLUX KLAN  A secret organization that used terrorist tactics in an attempt to restore white supremacy in Southern states after the Civil War.

3/9/  A series of financial failures that triggered a five-year depression in the United States. PANIC OF 1873

3/9/ COMPROMISE OF 1877  A series of congressional measures under which the Democrats agreed to accept the Republican candidate Rutherford B. Hayes as president, even though he had lost the popular vote.

3/9/ TENANT FARMING  A system in which farm workers supply their own tools and rent the farmland for cash.

3/9/  A system in which landowners give farm workers land, seed, and tools in return for a part of crops they raise. SHARECROPPING

3/9/ HOME RULE  State’s powers of governing its citizens without federal government involvement.

3/9/2016 REDEMPTION  The Southern Democrats’ term for their return to power in the South in the 1870s.