 Essential Question:  Identify significant individuals and events concerning Texas in the Civil War  Main Idea:  Defending Texas and its trade routes to international ports was vital for the Confederate economy during the war.

 The 3 Strategies to Union victory o Invade Virginia and capture Richmond, the Southern Confederate capital o Gain control of the Mississippi River o Blockade all southern ports

 On paper, who do you think should win the war? The North or the South? Why?  Do you think the South should have invaded the North? Why or why not? 5 th Texas Infantry Regiment, Co. K

 60,000 Texans  Texas governors  Frances Lubbock ( )  Pendleton Murrah ( )  James W. Throckmorton ( )  originally voted against secession but couldn’t fight against Texas Pendleton Murrah Frances Lubbock

 Most famous Texan in Civil War  Second-highest ranking Confederate General that fought and died at the Battle of Shiloh in Tennessee—huge blow to the Confederacy

 Hood’s Texas Brigade – Gen. Robert E. Lee called them his “finest soldiers”; led by John Bell Hood; Most notable battle was the 7 days campaign; Fort Hood is named after him  Ross’s Texas Brigade – fought primarily in the western Trans-Mississippi River department; led by future governor and Texas A&M President Lawrence Sullivan Ross Lawrence Sullivan Ross

 John Reagan: Served in the cabinet of Confederate President Jefferson Davis as Postmaster General  Francis Lubbock: Governor of Texas in 1861 and served as camp assistant to Confederate President Jefferson Davis Lawrence Sullivan Reagan

 Thomas Green: Lawrence Sullivan Reagan

 2,000 Texas Unionists  50 were African American soldiers  African American Texan Milton Holland was rewarded the Medal of Honor for his bravery on the battlefield.

 Mexican-Americans served on both sides of the war.  Most joined the Union because of pay and their stance against slavery  Confederate vigilantes hanged about 40 Unionists in Gainesville, TX in 1862.

 State’s busiest seaport  Cotton is shipped through Mexican waters and sold to England and France  Union ships capture port in Oct  CSA led by John B. Magruder retakes port in Jan Union gunboat docked at Galveston port

Texas-Mexico Trade Routes Texas was economically important to the Confederacy because the Confederacy was able to conduct foreign trade through Mexico by way of Texas.

The CSA Davis Guards led by Dick Dowling turned back the Union invasion of Texas when they took 350 Union soldiers prisoner and captured 2 ships. Very important victory for the Confederacy. "There is no parallel in ancient or modern warfare to the victory of Dowling and his men at Sabine Pass considering the great odds against which they had to contend" President Jefferson Davis The Battle of Sabine Pass Sept. 8, 1863

 November 1863: Union forces capture Brownsville, TX  This hurts the CSA because cotton and weapons move through the port for the CSA  CSA Colonel John S. Ford drove the Union Army back and recaptured it in July 1864.

 Thomas “Tom” Green, a former member of the congress of the Republic and a veteran of the Battle of San Jacinto and Mexican- American War, led a small CSA force that defeated and captured 2,000 Union forces in east TX/western LA.

 April 9, 1865: Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee surrendered to U.S. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Courthouse; ends the war.  May 13, 1865: Confederate forces led by John S. Ford defeat Union troops in Texas at Palmito Ranch – the final land battle of the war. The Confederates did NOT know Lee had surrendered a month earlier! They were informed by Union prisoners of the news!

 The North’s victory in the Civil War meant the Union was preserved.  On April 14 (five days after Appomattox), an actor and southern sympathizer named John Wilkes Booth assassinated President Lincoln in Ford’s Theater in Washington D.C. As a result of this tragic event, the whole nation grieved together.

Ford’s Theater (April 14, 1865)

The Assassination

Lincoln’s Deathbed

The Execution of the Conspirators

 As a result of the South’s surrender, the Texas state government collapsed due to lack of leadership.  Governor Pendleton Murrah fled to Mexico in June 1865 to escape Union troops. This action resulted in Texas being lawless for a brief period of time.