The Knee Anatomy.

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Presentation transcript:

The Knee Anatomy

The Bones

The knee is comprised of 3 bones Femur Patella Tibia The Fibula has no bearing on the knee

The Femur

12

15 segments of the Femur Head Fovea Capitis Neck Greater Trochanter Intertrochanteric Line Lesser Trochanter Gluteal Tuberosity Linea aspera Pectineal Line Body Medial/Lateral Epicondyle Medial/Lateral condyle Patellar Grove Intercondylar Fossa

Patella – Body’s largest sesamoid bone

4

4 Segments of the Patella Base – superior pole Apex – inferior pole Medial Articulating Facet Lateral Articulating Facet

Tibia

6

6 segments of the Tibia Medial Condyle Lateral Condyle Intercondylar Eminance Tibial Tuberosity Shaft Medial Malleolus

Muscles

Refer to Handout The knee uses muscles from both the upper leg and lower leg Hamstring to flex the knee Gastrocnemius to the flex knee

Ligaments

Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) Purpose: Keep the Tibia from translating posteriorly (bkwrds) 120% to 150% wider than ACL; is Primary stabilizer of knee Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL) Purpose: Prevent excessive Valgus (lateral) force Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Purpose: Stabilizing against – Tibia from translating forward Internal rotation of tibia on femur External rotation of tibia on femur Hyperextension of tibiofemoral joint Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL) Purpose: Prevent excessive Varus (medial) force

Origin / Insertion of Ligs PCL – O: 2 bands; Posterior aspect of tibia I: Medial Femoral condyle MCL – O: Medial condyle of Femur I: Neck of the Tibia ACL – O: Anteriormedial Tibial condyle I: Lateral Femoral condyle LCL – O: Lateral condyle of Femur I: Head of Fibula

Anterior View

Origin /Insertion: Quadriceps Tendon - O: Quadriceps becomes tendon I: Superior aspect of Patella Patellar Ligament - O: Anterior Inferior Patella I: Tibial Tuberosity.

Patella and Patellar Lig

Mensicii

Meniscii Purpose: Act as “shock absorbers” for the knee, and provide structural integrity. Purpose: Limit extremes of flexion and extension in knee Medial Meniscus – more of a crescent shape, wider posteriorly than anteriorly Lateral Meniscus – more of a “c” shape

ROM Flexion & Extension Internal & External Rotation (from the hip)

Knee Joint

The End…