Warm Up for 2/19/16 Answer this question in your notes: WHAT DO YOU KNOW ABOUT THE VICTORIAN AGE? WHAT ABOUT SHERLOCK HOLMES?

ENGLAND IN FLUX Victorian Era

Changes in England England continued to expand industrially under Victoria. By 1848, England produced as much iron as the rest of the world combined. The number of people in England doubled between 1801 and 1850, while cities continued to grow. According to author Disraeli, there were “two nations” in England – the rich and the poor. England continued to expand industrially under Victoria. By 1848, England produced as much iron as the rest of the world combined. The number of people in England doubled between 1801 and 1850, while cities continued to grow. According to author Disraeli, there were “two nations” in England – the rich and the poor.

Life for the Poor Many people believed that this widespread death and poverty was a trade for England’s growing power If there was a depression in the trade market, an entire factory could be unemployed. This led to extreme poverty and urban slums, leaving many families in outdoor slums.

Potato Famine The 1840s brought the Potato Famine to Ireland. In two years, a million people died. This brought many more starving poor into England’s already crowded streets. The 1840s brought the Potato Famine to Ireland. In two years, a million people died. This brought many more starving poor into England’s already crowded streets.

The Empire Up until the 1870s, most Englishmen viewed the colonies like India as economic burdens. With new commercial rivals, the English viewed their colonies in a new light: as means to expand their trade. This is the era of “White Man’s Burden” - The English believed that it was their preordained purpose to civilize the world. Up until the 1870s, most Englishmen viewed the colonies like India as economic burdens. With new commercial rivals, the English viewed their colonies in a new light: as means to expand their trade. This is the era of “White Man’s Burden” - The English believed that it was their preordained purpose to civilize the world.

A CHANGING SOCIAL CLIMATE The Victorian Era

Religion and other changes The rise of science causes a serious question of religion. This is the era of Darwin and Freud. Writers no longer just wrote “art” – they took on political responsibility in their writing. This is the era of the novel. There is also a revival of the drama in England. In the beginning of the Victorian period, magazines printed novels in installments. This declined in late Victorian England, leading to a new creation: the British short story. The rise of science causes a serious question of religion. This is the era of Darwin and Freud. Writers no longer just wrote “art” – they took on political responsibility in their writing. This is the era of the novel. There is also a revival of the drama in England. In the beginning of the Victorian period, magazines printed novels in installments. This declined in late Victorian England, leading to a new creation: the British short story.

Changing Climate With all the changes in social and political issues, the Victorians clung to one thing: decorum and moral values. This led to a prudish and conservative view on life, sexuality, class, and language that this era is famous for. Most common themes in Victorian Literature: Sexuality and gender issues Imperialism and the ethics of the Empire Industrialism Innocence and morality Religion Fear and science Most common themes in Victorian Literature: Sexuality and gender issues Imperialism and the ethics of the Empire Industrialism Innocence and morality Religion Fear and science

End of the Era—Changes for Women The Custody Act (1839) gave a mother the right to petition the court for access to her minor children and custody of children under 7 and later 16. The Divorce and Matrimonial Causes Act (1857) Married Women’s Property Acts (1870) 1891 –Women gain divorce rights 1848 – First women’s college established in London By the end of Victoria’s reign, women could take degrees at 12 university colleges. The Custody Act (1839) gave a mother the right to petition the court for access to her minor children and custody of children under 7 and later 16. The Divorce and Matrimonial Causes Act (1857) Married Women’s Property Acts (1870) 1891 –Women gain divorce rights 1848 – First women’s college established in London By the end of Victoria’s reign, women could take degrees at 12 university colleges.

Women’s Clothing Women's clothing symbolized their constricted lives. –Tight lacing into corsets and cumbersome, multiple layers of skirts which dragged on the ground impeded women's freedom of movement. –Between 1856 and 1878, among the wealthy, the cage crinoline was popular as it replaced the many layers of petticoats, but it was cumbersome and humiliating. –Sitting down, the cage rode up embarrassingly at the front. The skirts were so wide that many women died engulfed in flames after the material caught fire from an open grate or candle. Women's clothing symbolized their constricted lives. –Tight lacing into corsets and cumbersome, multiple layers of skirts which dragged on the ground impeded women's freedom of movement. –Between 1856 and 1878, among the wealthy, the cage crinoline was popular as it replaced the many layers of petticoats, but it was cumbersome and humiliating. –Sitting down, the cage rode up embarrassingly at the front. The skirts were so wide that many women died engulfed in flames after the material caught fire from an open grate or candle.

Key Points to Remember England grew in size, power, and wealth in this era Queen Victoria was the key to this era’s popularity The population is characterized by “two nations” Writers became political This is the era of the novel Women gained many rights during this period The period emerges with much conservatism Themes of religion, fear & science, industrialism, gender Major changes in England– by the end of this era, England does not even resemble the country it began with

Sir Arthur Conan Doyle 1859 – 1930

Overview British novelist, short story writer, poet, doctor of medicine Born in Edinburgh, Scotland on May 22, 1859 Studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh (where he met Dr. Joseph Bell)

As a child… His father, a chronic alcoholic, was later committed to an insane asylum He had a special bond with his mom: –“In my early childhood, as far as I can remember anything at all, the vivid stories she would tell me stand out so clearly …” –“My mother had been so splendid that I could not fail her.”

As a teenager… His wealthy family members paid for him to go to boarding school Athletic: cricket, football/soccer, sailing Smart: “He was often found, surrounded by a bevy of totally enraptured younger students, listening to the amazing stories he would make up to amuse them.” SURPRISE! He decides to go to medical school.

As a doctor… Opened his own medical practice, but was moderately successful In his down time, he continued writing stories…

As an adult… Married Louise “Touie” Hawkins –“gentle and amiable” –They had 2 children. –She died of TB in Married Jean Leckie in 1907 … after meeting her in 1897 –They had 3 children: Denis, Adrian, & Lena Jean –He spoke his last words to her: “You are wonderful.”

Death Found clutching his chest in the hall of his home in East Sussex, England Died of heart attack on July 7, 1930, aged 71 Tombstone in New Forest, Hampshire reads: STEEL TRUE BLADE STRAIGHT ARTHUR CONAN DOYLE KNIGHT PATRIOT, PHYSICIAN & MAN OF LETTERS

Major works Sherlock Holmes: 4 novels & 56 short stories –Originally published short stories monthly in the Strand Magazine –1 st novel, 1886: A Study in Scarlet, including Sherlock Holmes & Dr. Watson –1 st book of short stories (12): The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, in 1892 –2 nd collection: The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes, in 1894 –“The Speckled Band” was written in 1907 and performed as a successful play

Sherlock Holmes Most famous fictional detective of all time Based on Conan Doyle’s medical professor, Dr. Joseph Bell - gifted at observation, logic, deduction, and diagnosis Lived at 221B Baker Street, London Many readers thought Holmes was REAL!

World’s Best Detective Courageous Clever Attention to details Eccentric

Dr. John Watson Assistant, sidekick Narrator – loyal, gentleman, observes Average intelligence Foil

R.I.P. Holmes After two novels and 24 short stories, Conan Doyle grew tired of Holmes and wanted to spend his time with more “important” work - so he killed him off in the short story “The Final Problem” in How? In a battle with his nemesis, Professor Moriarty! They both fall to their deaths at the Reichenbach Falls. Readers were OUTRAGED! –Wore black armbands –Sent death threats to Conan Doyle –Placed memorials at the Reichenbach Falls

But then… While vacationing in 1901, ACD was playing golf with his friend, Bertram Fletcher Robinson. Robinson told him of a local legend about Squire Richard Cabell, a monstrously evil man, whose death came at the mouths of a pack of huge, fire-breathing hounds (called Black Shucks)…

Conan Doyle could NOT pass this up… and he didn’t really want to invent a new detective, so to his readers’ joy, he made Holmes his main character once again. Incidentally, he did not bring Holmes back to life ( yet ), but he set the story at an earlier time in Holmes’ life.

Holmes returns! Eventually, Conan Doyle did decide to bring back Holmes, and he did so in a story called “The Adventure of the Empty House.” Apparently, Holmes had faked his own death to fool Moriarty’s henchmen. ACD went on to write 32 more stories and one more novel before officially retiring his famous detective.

Weird, but true… ACD wrote a book called The Coming of the Fairies (1921). He was convinced that fairies existed and proved it by adding photographs. The photographs were actually faked by two young girls - the “fairies” were paper cutouts!

The Cottingley Fairies

Legacy of Holmes “Christopher Clausen asserts confidently that ‘few characters in all of literature are as widely known as Sherlock Holmes.’” “221B Baker Street—or the closest thing to it that can be identified in the modern London thoroughfare—is a pilgrimage site for faithful Holmes devotees from around the world.”

Ranks 9 th on the Fictional 100 Most Influential Characters in World Literature “Each generation wants to see its own Holmes in action. At least twenty-one plays have been based on aspects of Holmes’s life.”

Film “Holmes’s life in films is even more spectacular. The Guinness World Records 2000 lists him as the character most often portrayed in film.”

“The Speckled Band” Vle8https:// Vle8 For homework, you are to read the “Speckled Band” and underline clues as you read. Maintain notes of a detective to solve the mystery. –Do not cheat! Take this opportunity to see the world through Sherlock’s eyes with your astute observations.

References Kocsik, Diana. “Sir Arthur Conan Doyle and The Hound of the Baskervilles.” SlideShare, Web. 15 Oct Pollard-Gott, Lucy. “Sherlock Holmes (9).” The Fictional 100, Web. 15 Oct Sherlock Holmes Online. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle Literary Estate, Web. 15 Oct

February 22, 2016 British Literature

“The Speckled Band” Sir Arthur Conan Doyle’s astute detective, Sherlock Holmes, says, “The world is full of obvious things which nobody by any chance every observes.” To solve the mystery of “The Speckled Band,” you had to scrutinize the details to decipher clues. Take the quiz to evaluate your attention to detail and reading comprehension.

Welcome to the Exhibit of Sherlock Holmes

What is a Detective Story? A detective story is defined by Hugh Holman in A Handbook to Literature as “a novel or short story in which a crime, usually a murder –the identity of the perpetrator unknown – is solved by a detective through a logical assembling and interpretation of palpable evidence, known as clues.”

WRITE YOUR OWN! After reading some of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle’s stories of the famous Sherlock Holmes, you will be writing your own detective story. The detective story should be approximately three to twelve pages in length, written in MLA format.

FEATURES OF A DETECTIVE STORY The crime must be significant, worthy of the attention it receives. The detective must have a unique personality. The opponent should be a clever match for the hero. All suspects of the crime must be introduced early in the story. All clues the detective discovers must be made available to the reader. The solution should not be expected, but be able to be logically deduced from clues and foreshadowing. The crime must not have resulted from accident or supernatural intervention.

HONORS DETECTIVE STORY Honors students, you must research a true unsolved mystery and write a creative piece inspired by the story. You must submit an annotated bibliography of sources (citations plus a summary and evaluation of the source with a minimum of three sources).

Your Story Skeleton To help write your mystery, complete a story skeleton to plan your detective story. This is due on Tuesday.

February 23, 2016 British Literature

Happy Technical Tuesday! How do you format dialogue in a story? Explain the rules in your journal.

“A Scandal in Bohemia” Annotations While you read, annotate your story with the following guidelines:While you read, annotate your story with the following guidelines: – Red – Red : Clues (or foreshadowing) provided in the text – Pink – Pink : imagery (sight, sound, smell, taste, and touch descriptions) – Orange – Orange : direct characterization – Yellow – Yellow : connotative (emotional associations) of diction (word choice) – Green – Green : unknown words to define – Blue : details that imply theme – Purple – Purple : indirect characterization Write your questions and predictions in the margins or in your detective’s notebook.

Homework Finish the story for Thursday and complete the annotation guidelines. – Your detective story rough draft is due on Friday.