Leadership is the influencing process of leaders and followers to achieve organizational objectives through change. 1-3

Key Elements of Leadership Leadership Influence Organizational Objectives PeopleChange Leaders- Followers 1-4

Managerial Roles InterpersonalInterpersonal InformationalInformational DecisionalDecisional 1. Figurehead 2.Leader 3. Liaison 4. Monitor 5. Disseminator 6. Spokesperson 7. Entrepreneur 8. Disturbance handler 9. Resource-allocator 10. Negotiator 1-5

3 Levels of Leadership Analysis Individual Group Organizational 1-6

Behavioral Integrative Trait Contingency The 4 Leadership Theory Classifications Include: 1-7

Leadership Trait Theory attempts to explain distinctive characteristics accounting for leadership effectiveness to identify a set of traits that all successful leaders possess. 1-8

Behavioral Leadership Theories attempt to explain distinctive styles used by effective leaders or the nature of their work. 1-9

Contingency Leadership Theories attempt to explain the appropriate leadership style based on the leader, followers, and situation. 1-10

Integrative Leadership Theories attempt to combine the trait, behavioral, and contingency theories to explain successful influencing leader follower relationships. 1-11

Two Meanings of Personality The impression a person makes on others The unseen structures and processes inside a person that explain why we behave the way we do.

Traits  Traits refer to regularities or trends in a person’s behavior.  The trait approach to personality maintains that people behave the way they do because of the strength of the traits they possess.

Great Man (Person) Approach Sought to identify the traits effective leaders possessed. 2-3

Big Five Model of Personality Surgency Adjustment Agreeableness Open to experienceConscientiousness 2-4

Big Five Model of Personality Surgency Adjustment Agreeableness Open to experienceConscientiousness 2-4

Advantages of the Big Five Model Provides explanation of leader and follower tendencies. Personality traits tend to be constant over time. Important for leader to know own traits to assess likelihood of success in various environments Successfully works in many environments. Advantages of Big 5 Model

 Useful categorization scheme for discussions  Good profiling for corporate and occupational functions  Universally accepted across cultures Advantages of Big 5 Model

Disadvantages of Big 5 Model 5 factors are not enough to adequately encompass all the different personality traits Dimensions tend to be fairly heterogeneous internally, which makes them poor predictors of job performance

Locus of Control Locus of Control Integrity High energy Flexibility Dominance Sensitivity to others Sensitivity to others Self-confident Intelligence 9 Traits of EffectiveLeaders Stability 2-6

Achievement Motivation Theory attempts to explain and predict behavior and performance based on one’s need for achievement, power, and affiliation. 2-7

Need for Achievement Unconscious concern for excellence in accomplishments through individual efforts Goal oriented, set moderate, realistic, attainable goals Seek challenge, excellence, individuality Take calculated, moderate risk Desire feedback, work hard

Need for Power Unconscious concern for influencing others and seeking positions of authority Want to control situation, influence others Enjoy competition they can win Willing to confront others, seek positions of authority & status

Need for Affiliation Unconscious concern for developing, maintaining, and restoring close personal relationships Want to be liked by others, enjoy social activities, seek to belong Enjoy developing, helping, and teaching others More concerned about what others think of them rather than getting their own way