Bellwork: Review: 1.What happened at the Berlin Conference? Brainstorm: 2. Imagine you had cut yourself off from contact with the world 10 years ago. What would you have missed out on? Picture Analysis: 3. Describe what you see in the painting. What do you think is being depicted? 4. How does the artist show a difference in power?

Imperialism in Asia: China & Japan

Today’s Agenda Standards: W.16 Analyze the political, social, and industrial revolution in Japan (Meiji Restoration) and its growing role in international affairs W.19 Explain the growing influence of the West in China, the Boxer Rebellion, Sun Yat-sen, and the Xinhai Revolution Objective: I can explain European imperialism in China and Japan and how each country responded to it including the Meiji Restoration, and the Boxer Rebellion, and Xinhai Revolution. Bellwork Notes Primary Source Reading Document Analysis Group Activity

NOTES

China and Japan Isolate Themselves In the 1600s, both China and Japan followed a policy of isolationism Isolationism: when a country isolates itself from contact with the rest of the world Wanted to protect their culture against outside influences Left them at a technological disadvantage

China

The Tea-Opium Connection Tea and silk had become popular in Great Britain in the 1700s (China was the sole provider) Trade was very restricted – Europeans were only allowed to trade in one Chinese city The British wanted more trade opportunities / China is not interested Chinese Emperor’s Response: “China does not need anything from the west.”

The Tea-Opium Connection By the early 1800’s, British merchants find a product that the Chinese need: Opium, an illegal drug By 1835, 12 Million are addicted

Primary Source Reading: Letter to Queen Victoria Read the letter to yourself and answer the following questions: 1.Who wrote this document? When? Why was it written? 2.What does the author of the document want Great Britain to do? What is his argument for why the British should do this? Do you find this argument convincing? 3.How would you describe the tone of this letter? Provide some words and phrases from the text to support your claim. 4.What do you expect the British response to this letter to be? Why?

The Opium War The Chinese emperor demanded the trade of opium stop, but the British refused. In response, the British attack China and started The Opium War Great Britain crushes outdated Chinese forces Results of the War: Opium trade is legalized China is forced to trade with Great Britain China loses the city of Hong Kong to the British

The Westernization of China Europeans try to reform Chinese society Introduce them to Western education and languages Tried to modernize the Chinese military Encouraged them to build factories, railroads, mines Changes did not stick; Chinese officials were unwilling to break from tradition China remained weak, so Europeans began to carve out spheres of influence Sphere of Influence: an area in which a foreign nation has exclusive economic privileges

The Takeover of China

China Rebels The Boxer Rebellion: A group called the Boxers wanted to rid China of foreigners and Western influences They began attacking missionaries and held foreigners hostage Western troops put down the rebellion Chinese government is fined for supporting the uprising = More humiliation at the hands of foreigners Although the rebellion fails, Chinese nationalism forces changes in China.

1911 Revolution By the early 1900’s, a young revolutionary named Sun Yat-sen set out his goals for a new China in Three Principals of the People. 1.Nationalism: free China from foreign rule 2.Democracy: establish a representative government 3.Livelihood: economic security for all Chinese. In 1911, China declares itself the new Chinese Republic and Sun Yat-sen served as the President.

Japan

Discussion Question: Have you ever been bullied by someone who threatened to do something to you if you didn’t do what they wanted? What did you do?

The Opening of Japan Like China, Japan was closed to European influence since the 1600s. American and European merchants wanted to trade with Japan. In 1852, the United States sent Commodore Matthew Perry on a mission to Japan to demand trade rights.

The Opening of Japan Perry arrived in Edo (Tokyo) Bay with four warships. American goal was to shock and frighten the Japanese into accepting trade Perry is willing to come back in one year for their answer. He comes back the following year with nine warships! Japan was forced to sign the Treaty of Kanagawa, which gave the U.S. special trading rights in two Japanese ports.

The Meiji Restoration Unlike many other countries, Japan was able to resist western imperialism. Seeing his country was falling under foreign influence, the Emperor of Japan launched the Meiji Restoration in Meiji means “enlightened rule” The Meiji Restoration was a series of changes that sought to industrialize, modernize, and westernize Japan’s society. Japan decided to modernize to save culture!

Meiji Reforms Government encouraged people to adopt Western culture Japan required all children to attend school Japanese military was modernized and began using Western training methods Japan Industrialized – built factories and imported technology; economy grew very strong Began searching for land to turn into colonies so it could become an imperial power (Took over parts of China and all of Korea)

Document Analysis You will receive a document packet with images, charts, and information demonstrating how Japan was able to resist western imperialism. Working in groups, you will read through, analyze, and discuss the information and answer the questions on your worksheet. Your worksheet will be collected at the end of class for a grade.

Stations Activity: Why was Japan able to resist western imperialism? You will be rotating through four stations. Each station is meant to demonstrate a reason why Japan was able to resist western imperialism. You will have 7-10 minutes at each station. When the timer goes off, return the readings to the station folder and rotate clockwise to the next station. Your stations worksheet will be collected at the end of class.