The Romans Create a Republic Chapter 6, Section 1

As the Greek civilization began to decline, a new civilization to the West began to emerge. As the Greek civilization began to decline, a new civilization to the West began to emerge. The city of Rome grew from a small village to a mighty empire. The city of Rome grew from a small village to a mighty empire. It adopted and preserved much of Greek art, philosophy, religion, and drama. It adopted and preserved much of Greek art, philosophy, religion, and drama. It also created a legacy of its own. It also created a legacy of its own.

Today, Italy is a country Today, Italy is a country Before there were countries, cities could grow….and sometimes turn into a powerful force Before there were countries, cities could grow….and sometimes turn into a powerful force Rome, today, is a city in Italy Rome, today, is a city in Italy But, it was once a powerful empire But, it was once a powerful empire

This is Florence, Italy This is Florence, Italy The only place that would allow the Jersey Shore show to film in Italy The only place that would allow the Jersey Shore show to film in Italy YeahBuddy!

The Beginnings of Rome Founded in 753 BC by Romulus and Remus – the twin sons of the God Mars and a Latin Princess. Founded in 753 BC by Romulus and Remus – the twin sons of the God Mars and a Latin Princess. The legend says that the twins were abandoned as infants and raised by a she- wolf. The legend says that the twins were abandoned as infants and raised by a she- wolf. They decided to build a city near that spot. They decided to build a city near that spot.

Romulus and Remus feeding on the She-Wolf

In reality, Rome developed due to the rich soil provided by the nearby river, the Tiber River. In reality, Rome developed due to the rich soil provided by the nearby river, the Tiber River.

Early Settlers Latins – farmers and shepherds who traveled across the Alps Latins – farmers and shepherds who traveled across the Alps Greeks- established 50 colonies on the coasts of Southern Italy and Sicily. Greeks taught Italians how to grow grapes and olives. Greeks- established 50 colonies on the coasts of Southern Italy and Sicily. Greeks taught Italians how to grow grapes and olives. Etruscans – native metal workers, system of writing, influenced Roman architecture, especially the arch. Etruscans – native metal workers, system of writing, influenced Roman architecture, especially the arch.

Roman Gods Adopted Etruscan rituals they believed would help them win favor with the gods. Adopted Etruscan rituals they believed would help them win favor with the gods. Adopted personalities and legends of the Greek gods. Adopted personalities and legends of the Greek gods. Romans gave their gods different names. Romans gave their gods different names. Zeus – Jupiter Zeus – Jupiter Hera - Juno Hera - Juno

Jupiter and Juno

Roman Gods and Goddesses god-list.php god-list.php god-list.php god-list.php

No more King! The last king of Rome was ‘Tarquin the Proud’. The last king of Rome was ‘Tarquin the Proud’. He was a harsh tyrant and driven from power in 509 BC. He was a harsh tyrant and driven from power in 509 BC. The Romans declared they would never again be ruled by a king. The Romans declared they would never again be ruled by a king. They swore they would put to death anyone who plotted to make himself king. They swore they would put to death anyone who plotted to make himself king.

Lucius Tarquinius Superbus (535 B.C. – 496 B.C.) (535 B.C. – 496 B.C.) 7 th King of Rome, reigning from until the Roman revolt in 509 B.C. 7 th King of Rome, reigning from until the Roman revolt in 509 B.C.King of RomerevoltKing of Romerevolt which would lead to the establishment of the Roman Republic. which would lead to the establishment of the Roman Republic.Roman RepublicRoman Republic

Established a Republic A republic is a form of government in which power rests with citizens who have the right to vote to select their leaders. A republic is a form of government in which power rests with citizens who have the right to vote to select their leaders. In Rome, citizenship with voting rights was granted only to free-born males. In Rome, citizenship with voting rights was granted only to free-born males.

Patricians – aristocratic landowners who held most of the power Patricians – aristocratic landowners who held most of the power Plebeians – common farmers, artisans, and merchants with limited political power Plebeians – common farmers, artisans, and merchants with limited political power Tribunes – plebeian formed assemblies which protected the rights of the plebeians from unfair acts of patrician officials. Tribunes – plebeian formed assemblies which protected the rights of the plebeians from unfair acts of patrician officials.

Twelve Tablets (Tables) When laws were unwritten, the patricians could interpret the law to suit themselves. When laws were unwritten, the patricians could interpret the law to suit themselves. In 451 BC, a group of 10 officials began writing down Rome’s laws. In 451 BC, a group of 10 officials began writing down Rome’s laws. The laws were carved on 12 tablets (or tables) and hung in the Forum. The laws were carved on 12 tablets (or tables) and hung in the Forum. Established the idea that all free citizens, patricians, and plebeians, had a right to the protection of the law. Established the idea that all free citizens, patricians, and plebeians, had a right to the protection of the law.

If not a king….than who? Consuls 2 consuls – one commanded the army and the other directed the government. 2 consuls – one commanded the army and the other directed the government. 1 year long term 1 year long term Same person could not be re-elected consul again for 10 years. Same person could not be re-elected consul again for 10 years. One consul could always overrule, or veto, the other’s decision. One consul could always overrule, or veto, the other’s decision.

Senate 300 members chosen from upper class Roman society. 300 members chosen from upper class Roman society. Later plebeians were allowed in the Senate. Later plebeians were allowed in the Senate. Membership was for life – which allowed for continuity. Membership was for life – which allowed for continuity.

Roman Senate

Dictators In times of Crisis, Dictators could be appointed by the consul and then elected by the Senate. In times of Crisis, Dictators could be appointed by the consul and then elected by the Senate. The Dictator’s rule was for only six months. The Dictator’s rule was for only six months.

Military Service All citizens who owned land were required to serve in the army. All citizens who owned land were required to serve in the army. To secure public offices, 10 years of military service were required. To secure public offices, 10 years of military service were required.

Legions Organized into large military units, called Legions- 5,000 Organized into large military units, called Legions- 5,000 Legions were divided into smaller groups of 80 men, each called a century. Legions were divided into smaller groups of 80 men, each called a century. Infantry – foot soldiers Infantry – foot soldiers Calvary – soldiers on horseback Calvary – soldiers on horseback

Each legion had a nickname and a flag, called its eagle. Each legion had a nickname and a flag, called its eagle. Losing the eagle in battle was a disgrace. Losing the eagle in battle was a disgrace. Legions were self-sufficient and could live off the land. Legions were self-sufficient and could live off the land. They did their own construction and even built roads and bridges. They did their own construction and even built roads and bridges.

Roman Legion Flags

Each soldier had armor, a helmet, a shield, a sword, and a dagger Each soldier had armor, a helmet, a shield, a sword, and a dagger Also carried tools for digging Also carried tools for digging They also brought a cooking pot and clothing. They also brought a cooking pot and clothing.

Roman Armor

Imperial Centurion Armor

Rome Spreads Power Rome was lenient with conquered territories. Rome was lenient with conquered territories. They allowed some to have full citizenship rights They allowed some to have full citizenship rights Others received full citizenship rights except voting power Others received full citizenship rights except voting power Other became Allies of Rome Other became Allies of Rome

Mediterranean Sea Rome’s location made it easy to trade with others along the Mediterranean Coast. Rome’s location made it easy to trade with others along the Mediterranean Coast. Carthage- city on North African coast- interfered with Rome’s trade. Carthage- city on North African coast- interfered with Rome’s trade. Rome and Carthage fought bitterly for control of the Mediterranean Sea. Rome and Carthage fought bitterly for control of the Mediterranean Sea.

Carthage

Rome and Carthage fought 3 wars known as the Punic Wars Fought for control of Sicily and the western Mediterranean, lasted 23 years. Fought for control of Sicily and the western Mediterranean, lasted 23 years. Ended in the defeat of Carthage. Ended in the defeat of Carthage. Rome took Sicily as its prize Rome took Sicily as its prize

The Second Punic war began in 218 BC. The Second Punic war began in 218 BC. The mastermind was Carthaginian general, Hannibal The mastermind was Carthaginian general, Hannibal Hannibal wanted to avenge Carthage’s earlier defeat. Hannibal wanted to avenge Carthage’s earlier defeat.

Hannibal assembled 50,000 infantry, 9,000 Calvary, and 60 elephants Hannibal assembled 50,000 infantry, 9,000 Calvary, and 60 elephants To surprise the Romans, he led his army on a long trek form Spain across France and through the Alps. To surprise the Romans, he led his army on a long trek form Spain across France and through the Alps.

Hannibal’s Army

The battlefield may have looked something like this. The battlefield may have looked something like this.

Carthage (orange)

Hannibal invaded Northern Italy. Hannibal invaded Northern Italy. Hannibal’s troops marched up and down the Italian peninsula for more than 10 years. Hannibal’s troops marched up and down the Italian peninsula for more than 10 years. Seized crops and cattle Seized crops and cattle Pillaged farm houses Pillaged farm houses

Hannibal won his greatest victory at Cannae, in 216 BC. Hannibal won his greatest victory at Cannae, in 216 BC. His army inflicted heavy losses on the Romans. His army inflicted heavy losses on the Romans. But the Romans regrouped and prevented Hannibal from taking Rome. But the Romans regrouped and prevented Hannibal from taking Rome.

Finally, Scipio became the Roman military leader. Finally, Scipio became the Roman military leader. Scipio attacked Carthage and forced Hannibal to return to defend his native city. Scipio attacked Carthage and forced Hannibal to return to defend his native city. In 202 BC, The Romans defeated Carthage for the second time. In 202 BC, The Romans defeated Carthage for the second time.

Scipio

Rome wants Revenge Carthage was no longer a threat to Rome, but some Romans wanted revenge. Carthage was no longer a threat to Rome, but some Romans wanted revenge. An influential senator, named Cato, ended all his speeches with “Carthage must be destroyed.” An influential senator, named Cato, ended all his speeches with “Carthage must be destroyed.”

3 rd Punic War In 149 B.C., Rome attacked Carthage. In 149 B.C., Rome attacked Carthage. In 146 B.C., the city was set on fire. In 146 B.C., the city was set on fire. 50,000 people were captured and sold into slavery. 50,000 people were captured and sold into slavery. Its territory was made the new province of Africa. Its territory was made the new province of Africa. PsRI&feature=related PsRI&feature=related PsRI&feature=related PsRI&feature=related

Rome expands The defeat of Carthage gave Rome full control of the Mediterranean Sea. The defeat of Carthage gave Rome full control of the Mediterranean Sea. The Romans went on to conquer surrounding territories and expand their empire. The Romans went on to conquer surrounding territories and expand their empire.

Roman Empire at its greatest

Assignment On the bottom of your paper, list 2 reasons why a consul serving just one year at a time would be good. List 2 reasons why a consul serving just one year at a time would be bad. On the bottom of your paper, list 2 reasons why a consul serving just one year at a time would be good. List 2 reasons why a consul serving just one year at a time would be bad. Good Bad