Organic MACROMOLECULES Large & complex CHONPS atoms polypeptide polysaccharide CELLULOSE

carbohydrates proteins lipids nucleic acids See any patterns?

Each link is a monomer The chain is a polymer each link = monomer chain = polymer Gr: mono- one poly- many Macromolecules are made by linking together repeated small molecules

Ex: chains of simple sugars, like glucose, create complex carbohydrates, like starch monomer = glucose polymer = starch

make small enough to diffuse from gut to bloodstream make raw materials available for assembly into new molecules aided by enzymes (-ase), gut microbiota CHEMICAL DIGESTION Polymer -> monomers

Water breaks the bonds of a polymer HYDROLYSIS add water octet rule satisfied dimer polymer

Building polymers is a DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS reaction water peptide bonding of amino acids covalent bonding creating a disaccaride

Protein synthesized via dehydration building a polypeptide water molecule removed

Find that graphic with digestion to monomers, then monomer used to assemble polymers needed by the body! hydrolysisdehydration breaking down digestion synthesize needed molecules raw materials what we eat what our cells need Complementary processes

A macromolecule reflects a hierarchy: CHNOPS Carbon (4 bonds) add H (organic Hydrocarbon) add Functional Group(s) (hydrophyllic) Monomer* (some are isomers) Dehydration rxn (between monomers) Polymer** *glucose, animo acid, nucleotide… **Carbohydrate, Protein, Nucleic Acid, Lipid^ ^2+ subunits, not a monomer

Repeating monomers build polymers: CARBOHYDRATE monosaccharide simple sugar disaccharide complex sugar polysaccharide starch, glycogen cellulose

Repeating monomers build polymers: PROTEIN amino acid polypeptide

Repeating monomers build polymers: NUCLEIC ACID nucleotide nucleic acid

two + subunits: lipids glycerol fatty acid