Unit 4 Review Presentation Chapter 14: Europe and the New World ( ) Chapter 15: Thirty Years War and the Witchcraft Craze ( ) By: Josah Corpuz, Janelle Encarnacion, Donna Jocosing, and Rafael Loo ( ͡ ° ʖ ͡ °)

Ch. 14 Outline I.Age of Exploration A.Causes B.Columbian Exchange 1.Charts 2.Consequences II.Commercial Revolution A.Causes B.Key features C.Mercantilism D.Consequences ( ͡ ° ʖ ͡ °) WRITE FAST OR MEMORIZE PLEASE ;___; ):

Age of Exploration Causes: o Renewed interest in ancient writings o Search for spices and profits o Desire to cultivate cash crops o Desire to spread Christianity o New technology ( ͡ ° ʖ ͡ °)

Columbian Exchange ● Diffusion of agricultural products, animals, diseases, and human populations ( ͡ ° ʖ ͡ °) New world → Old worldOld world → New World Agricultural Products Potatoes, maize, tobacco, vanilla, chocolate Coffee, cane sugar, wheat, rice AnimalsTurkeysCows, horses, pigs, sheep, goats, chicken DiseasesSyphilisSmallpox, measles Human populations N/AEuropean colonists, African slaves

Columbian Exchange (continued) Consequences for: 1.New World a.European diseases killed off 90% of population in Americas 2.Europe a.New crops helped feed a growing population b.Wealth generated from New World increased power 3.Africa a.Wealth produced in New World promoted trans-Atlantic slave trade ( ͡ ° ʖ ͡ °)

Commercial Revolution Causes: ●New trade routes ●Population growth ●Inflation ●New nation-centered economic system ( ͡ ° ʖ ͡ °)

Commercial Revolution (continued) Key features: ●New entrepreneurs ●New industries ●New domestic or putting-out system ●New joint-stock companies ( ͡ ° ʖ ͡ °)

Mercantilism ● System of economic principles and policies adopted by the rulers of the new nation-states ● Mercantilist theory: o Colonies should export raw materials and import finished goods  It would create a favorable balance of trade and resulting growth of gold and silver

Consequences of Commercial Revolution ● Decline of Hanseatic League ● Rise of capitalism ● Rise of the bourgeoisie

Ch. 15 Outline III.Thirty Years’ War & the Witchcraft Craze A.Witchcraft Craze B.Thirty Years’ War 1.Phases 2.Outcomes A.The Glorious Revolution B.Rulers 1.Palace of Versailles A.English Civil War ( ͡ ° ʖ ͡ °)

Witchcraft Craze ● Occurred in England, Scotland, Switzerland, Germany, parts of France and the Low Countries, New England ● Caused by war, famine, plague, temperatures decreased, social tensions ● Witches were burned at the stake, hung, put on trial, imprisoned, fined, tortured, and/or exiled ( ͡ ° ʖ ͡ °)

Thirty Years’ War ( ) ● Began with Ferdinand II trying to re-Catholicize Bohemia (Calvinists) ● Phases o Bohemian Phase ( ) o Danish Phase ( ) o Swedish Phase ( ) o Swedish-French Phase ( ) ● Ended with the Treaty of Westphalia (1648) ( ͡ ° ʖ ͡ °)

●William of Orange invited to fight England by 7 important English noblemen ●William takes opportunity to invade France with England's resources ●Considered glorious because of minimal bloodshed The Glorious Revolution

Important Rulers ● Louis XIV (r ) o Commissioned the Palace of Versailles o Declared absolute power ● Louis XV (r ) ● Frederick II (r ) ● Peter the Great (r ) ( ͡ ° ʖ ͡ °)

English Civil War ( ) ·‚· ●Charles I fought the Parliament over an Irish rebellion ●Oliver Cromwell solved first conflict ●Causes: Religion Roman Catholicism against Protestantism ●Long-Lasting Effects: Freedom of religion, Separation of military from politics