Biology 322 Human Anatomy I Peripheral Nervous System

Recall: All organs are composed of, at most, four tissues Epithelial tissue Connective tissue Muscle tissue Nervous tissue Nervous tissue: Excitable cells (neurons) Nonexcitable (supporting) cells Connective tissue: Meninges - in central nervous system Endoneurium Perineurium in peripheral nervous system Epineurium Epithelium found only in blood vessels of PNS Muscle (smooth)

Cells of Nervous Tissue: 1)Excitable cells = 2) Nonexcitable cells =

Cell body of neuron Axon of neuron

In PNS: Neuron cell bodies Axons and dendrites

Nerve: Outside

Nerves originate

Cranial Nerves:

The names, functions, origins, terminations, foramina, and effects of damage are listed in your text for all of the cranial nerves. Using this information, you will be expected to know a) The names and numbers of all 12 pairs of cranial nerves, including the subdivisions of cranial nerve V b) The foramen through which each cranial nerve passes c) The primary functions of each cranial nerve d) The effects of damage to each cranial nerve

Using this information, you will be expected to know a) The names and numbers of all 12 pairs of cranial nerves, including the subdivisions of cranial nerve V b) The foramen through which each cranial nerve passes c) The primary functions of each cranial nerve d) The effects of damage to each cranial nerve Example: The abducens nerve (VI) originates from the pons and exits the skull through the superior orbital fissure. It innervates the lateral rectus muscle which causes the eye to rotate laterally, so injury to this nerve on one side causes an inability to rotate that eye laterally.

Spinal Nerves:

- Originate - Pass -

Naming Spinal Nerves:

But:

A plexus is 1. Example:

2. Example:

We will go into greater detail about the cervical plexus, but you will not be held responsible for details of the cervical, lumbar, or sacral plexes EXCEPT: You need to know which spinal nerves contribute their ventral rami to each plexus. You need to know which plexus gives rise to each of the following nerves, and which area of the body each of them innervates: Common fibular/peroneal Obturator Femoral Phrenic Genitofemoral Pudendal Inferior and superior gluteal Tibial (Sciatic)

Summary of the Brachial Plexus

More than 20 nerves leave the brachial plexus to supply both afferent (sensory) and efferent (motor) innervation to the shoulder, arm, forearm, hand, and parts of the neck and thoracic wall. We will follow five of these: 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Cutaneous Innervation Anterior Posterior