CONTINENTAL DRIFT Alfred Wegener (1915) introduces CONTINENTAL DRIFT HYPOTHESIS. Super-continent Pangaea separated 200 million years ago. Evidence:  Fit.

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Presentation transcript:

CONTINENTAL DRIFT Alfred Wegener (1915) introduces CONTINENTAL DRIFT HYPOTHESIS. Super-continent Pangaea separated 200 million years ago. Evidence:  Fit of the continents  Continuity of mountain belts  Glaciation  Fossil evidence  Diversity of species USGS

225 Million Years Ago USGS

PANGAEA SUPER-CONTINENT 180 million years ago

135 million years ago

65 million years ago

Our world today

GLACIAL EVIDENCE matching glacial deposits found on different continents Matching glacial striations (grooves) on different continents

FOSSIL EVIDENCE

ROCK EVIDENCE alignment of continental shelves Matching of unique rock types across continents

MOUNTAIN BELTS EVIDENCE Ranges with the same ages of deformation on opposite sides of ocean Appalachians (N. America) line up with Caledonides (Britain & Scandanavia)

Wegener’s Hypothesis Rejected Continental Drift Hypothesis was rejected because Wegener had no working driving mechanism for continental movement Wegener had no working driving mechanism for continental movement

Continental Drift Hypothesis turns into Plate Tectonic Theory

Plate Tectonic Theory Evidence  Ocean floor was mapped  Earthquake & volcano distribution determined  Paleomagnetism discovered  Age of the ocean floor determined  Hot Spots discovered  And more...

EVIDENCE: Mapping of the ocean floor Began in the 1950’s and led to the discovery of:  Deep ocean trenches  Submerged volcanic island chains  Extensive mountain systems on the ocean floor USGS

Deep Sea Trenches & Ridges Pearson Prentice Hall

EVIDENCE: World wide distribution of earthquakes and volcanoes

EVIDENCE: Paleomagnetism  Earth acts like a magnet  Normal polarity: north = magnetic pole  Reverse polarity: south = magnetic pole

Paleomagnetism  Magnetometers recorded strange strips on ocean floor  Stripes represented flips in Earth’s polarity  Stripes symmetrical across ridges

Paleomagnetism Cooling magma records polarity

EVIDENCE: Age of Ocean Rocks