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© Copyright INFINEUM INTERNATIONAL LIMITED 2006 Ca Balance in IIIG – Negative Mass Loss mThe negative mass loss in IIIG mass balance occurred mainly in the first 20-Hour testing. mIn about 37% of the reference tests, there was more Ca after first 20-hour testing than the start of the testing. mThe Ca is calculated simply by the product of mass times concentration. In these Ca deficit tests, * < *

© Copyright INFINEUM INTERNATIONAL LIMITED 2006 Ca Balance in IIIG – Negative Mass Loss mFor some reason, the loss of Ca in the first 20 Hour of testing is much smaller than the loss during the rest of the test. qOn average, the first 20-Hour testing loses 0.2 gram less Ca than any other 20-Hr testing period mThe small Ca loss during the first 20-Hour can swing it to negative value in many of the tests.

© Copyright INFINEUM INTERNATIONAL LIMITED 2006 Ca Balance in IIIG – Negative Mass Loss mOn average, the first 20-Hour testing loses 0.2 gram less Ca than any other 20-Hr testing period. mThis translates to about 170 – 270 ml less oil loss by liquid form.

© Copyright INFINEUM INTERNATIONAL LIMITED 2006 What caused Negative Ca Mass Loss? mWhy is the volume of the first 20-hour oil loss by liquid about at least 200 ml less than other 20-hour testing period? qWe believe the oil loss by liquid is usually tied to the oil film left on the surface of inside the cylinders. qOnly four numbers are used for Ca balance uCa Concentration at Start uCa Concentration at 20Hr uVolume at Start: (5500 – 236) ml uVolume after 20 Hour testing Ca Loss = Ca_20Hr * V_20Hr – Ca_0Hr * V_0Hr

© Copyright INFINEUM INTERNATIONAL LIMITED 2006 What caused Negative Ca Mass Loss? Conclusion: The negative Ca mass loss is related to the Oil level measurements at 20 Hr. Note: the oil volume at 20Hr is not an absolute measurement. It is based on the difference of oil level between 0Hr and 20Hr. Volume Delta

© Copyright INFINEUM INTERNATIONAL LIMITED 2006 Mass Balance in Sequence IIIG Total Ca Loss Liquid P Loss Liquid Oil Loss P Loss by VolatilityTotal P Loss Ca does not evaporate P Concentration Difference Volume Delta Effect?

© Copyright INFINEUM INTERNATIONAL LIMITED 2006 Mass Balance in Sequence IIIG Total P Loss = V t P t – V 0 P 0 Total Ca Loss = V t Ca t – V 0 Ca 0 P Volatility Loss = Total P Loss – Liquid P Loss Liquid P Loss = (V t Ca t – V 0 Ca 0 ) * P/Ca = (Ca 0 P t – Ca t P 0 ) * (V t + V 0 ) / (Ca t + Ca 0 ) An quantity which is sensitive to Volume Delta An quantity which is NOT sensitive to Volume Delta

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