Copyright © 2008 Delmar Learning. All rights reserved. Unit 5 Medical Body Organization
Copyright © 2008 Delmar Learning. All rights reserved. Objectives Spell and define terms. Recognize the meanings of common prefixes, suffixes, and word roots. Build medical terms from word parts. Write the abbreviations commonly used in health care facilities.
Copyright © 2008 Delmar Learning. All rights reserved. Objectives Describe the simple to complex organization of the body. Name four types of tissues and their characteristics. Name and locate major organs as parts of body systems, using proper anatomic terms.
Copyright © 2008 Delmar Learning. All rights reserved. Medical Terminology Medical science and health care have a special language called medical terminology – The language of health care – Terms are formed by building on common word parts
Copyright © 2008 Delmar Learning. All rights reserved. Medical Terminology
Copyright © 2008 Delmar Learning. All rights reserved. Medical Word Parts Familiarity with important word parts comes from study and repeated usage You will gain experience with word parts as you practice reporting and charting –And by communicating with your coworkers
Copyright © 2008 Delmar Learning. All rights reserved. Medical Word Parts A single medical word root –Can sometimes be placed in different parts of a word and still have a specific meaning
Copyright © 2008 Delmar Learning. All rights reserved. Prefixes and Suffixes Many medical words have common beginnings –Prefixes Many medical words have common endings –Suffixes
Copyright © 2008 Delmar Learning. All rights reserved. Prefixes and Suffixes By learning some of the more common prefixes (Table 5–2) Suffixes (Table 5–3) –You can put together many new words
Copyright © 2008 Delmar Learning. All rights reserved. Common Abbreviations Table 5–4 –Lists abbreviations and their meanings –They have been grouped together for easier learning –Other abbreviations, along with the circumstances in which they are used most often, will be presented in the following units
Copyright © 2008 Delmar Learning. All rights reserved. Abbreviations Each facility –Has a list of abbreviations that may be used –Has a list of abbreviations that should not be used Facility should update “do not use” list every three months Check it regularly
Copyright © 2008 Delmar Learning. All rights reserved. Abbreviations Abbreviations on the “do not use” list are usually those that were formerly common and accepted –Have been found to cause confusion and errors Because the “do not use” list involves patient safety, it is very important
Copyright © 2008 Delmar Learning. All rights reserved. Body Organization All nursing care is directed toward helping patients reach optimum health and independence –Health is a state of well-being –Disease is any change from the healthy state
Copyright © 2008 Delmar Learning. All rights reserved. Body Organization Medical science –Study of disease and its effects on the human body –Effects are easier to understand when you have a clear mental picture of a normal and properly functioning body –First step is to understand the organization of the body
Copyright © 2008 Delmar Learning. All rights reserved. Anatomic Terms Anatomy and physiology –Most easily understood and learned if they are studied in an orderly manner Special terms –Used to describe the relationship of one body part to another
Copyright © 2008 Delmar Learning. All rights reserved. Anatomic Terms Anatomic position –Keep this in mind whenever we describe the relationship of the body parts In our own minds –We should always position the body in this way before describing any body part or area
Copyright © 2008 Delmar Learning. All rights reserved. Anatomic Terms
Copyright © 2008 Delmar Learning. All rights reserved. Descriptive Terms Imaginary lines drawn through the body provide us with other reference terms.
Copyright © 2008 Delmar Learning. All rights reserved. Descriptive Terms
Copyright © 2008 Delmar Learning. All rights reserved. Points of Attachment Arms and legs are called the extremities of the body Proximal and Distal –Two terms used to describe relationship between parts of the extremities and their points of attachment to the body
Copyright © 2008 Delmar Learning. All rights reserved. Points of Attachment Proximal –Means closest to the point of attachment Distal –Means farthest away from the point of attachment
Copyright © 2008 Delmar Learning. All rights reserved. Abdominal Regions Abdomen is divided into four quadrants –Umbilicus at the central point – Refer to Figure 5–5
Copyright © 2008 Delmar Learning. All rights reserved. Abdominal Regions Abdomen can also be divided into nine regions –Knowing these regions will be important as you report and document your observations Refer to Figure 5–6
Copyright © 2008 Delmar Learning. All rights reserved. Abdominal Regions
Copyright © 2008 Delmar Learning. All rights reserved. Organization of the Body All parts of the body are interdependent –Basic unit of the body is the cell –Groups of similar cells are organized into tissues –Different tissues form organs –Organs are organized into systems that perform body functions
Copyright © 2008 Delmar Learning. All rights reserved. Organization of the Body Cells Tissues Organs Systems Membranes Cavities