Mrs. H. Anderson

ATOMS The smallest unit of matter = ATOMS Made of : Protons (+ charge, =Atomic #, mass) Neutrons (no charge, have mass) Electrons ( - charge, no mass) The PROTONS & NEUTRONS together make the center, or NUCLEUS of the atom. Electrons orbit around outside of the Nucleus

Elements A pure substance made of only one type of atom, found on periodic table. Symbols have one or 2 letters (ex: H= hydrogen, He = Helium) Each atom of one element will have the same, set number of PROTONS, which makes its atomic number. A neutral, balanced element has equal numbers of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Atomic MASS = protons + neutrons [not electrons!] i.e. OXYGEN (O) has 8 protons and 8 neutrons, so it’s atomic mass~ 8+8 = 16. Atomic number (same as the # of protons, always a whole number) Atomic Mass ≃  Protons + Neutrons (hint: Atomic mass is always larger ➘ than atomic number, usually double!)

SUBATOMIC PARTICLES PROTONS are CONSTANT, never lost/gained: Make the atomic number which DEFINES an element. Example: Oxygen ALWAYS has 8 protons ELECTRONS can be gained or lost, making IONS. Lose an electron, become positive ion (ie. Na +1 ) Gain an electron, become negative ion (ie. Cl -1 ) IONS like to bond together, because OPPOSITES attract! Example: Na + + Cl - ➞ NaCl (table salt!) NEUTRONS can be gained or lost, making ISOTOPES. Doesn’t affect atom charge (because it’s neutral) DOES affect atomic mass (= protons + neutrons)

BONDING When 2 or more different elements join together with bonds = a COMPOUND. Hint: Look for more than one symbol written together. Examples: Water Sugar SaltCaffeine H 2 0 C 6 H 12 O 6 NaCl C 8 H 10 N 4 O 2 How many ELEMENTS are in EACH of these? Water = Sugar= Salt= Caffeine= (H 2 0) (C 6 H 12 O 6 ) (NaCl) (C 8 H 10 N 4 O 2 ) ELEMENTS HINT: How many CAPITAL letters are in the formula? Formulas:

BONDING When 2 or more different elements join together with bonds = a COMPOUND. Hint: Look for more than one symbol written together. Examples: Water Sugar SaltCaffeine H 2 0 C 6 H 12 O 6 NaCl C 8 H 10 N 4 O 2 How many ELEMENTS are in EACH of these? Water = 2 Sugar= 3 Salt= 2 caffeine= 4 How many ATOMS are in one molecule of each of these? Water = Sugar= Salt= caffeine= ATOMS HINT: Add up little numbers (subscripts) If there is no # = 1

BONDING When 2 or more different elements join together with bonds = a COMPOUND. Hint: Look for more than one symbol written together. Examples: Water Sugar SaltCaffeine H 2 0 C 6 H 12 O 6 NaCl C 8 H 10 N 4 O 2 How many ELEMENTS are in EACH of these? Water = 2 Sugar= 3 Salt= 2 caffeine= 4 How many ATOMS are in one molecule of each of these? Water = 3 Sugar= 24 Salt= 2 caffeine= 24 ATOMS HINT: Add up little numbers (subscripts) If there is no # = 1

WATER: H 2 O YOU are ~70% water. Water helps maintain homeostasis. Properties of water: Cohesion: Sticks to itself (like “bubble” on top of penny) Adhesion: Sticks to other stuff (ex: straws / gets stuff wet) Solvent: Water dissolves stuff Spreads out ions = “aqueous solutions” (like salt, Koolaid…) A “SOLUTION” = a solid or liquid (“solute”) evenly dissolved in a liquid “solvent” (often water) In KoolAid, the mix is the solute, water is the solvent.

ELEMENTS TO KNOW: CALCIUM

ELEMENTS TO KNOW: CALCIUM CARBON

ELEMENTS TO KNOW: CALCIUM CARBON CHLORINE

ELEMENTS TO KNOW: CALCIUM CARBON CHLORINE HYDROGEN

ELEMENTS TO KNOW: CALCIUM CARBON CHLORINE HYDROGEN IRON Latin: Ferrum

ELEMENTS TO KNOW: CALCIUM CARBON CHLORINE HYDROGEN IRON NITROGEN

ELEMENTS TO KNOW: CALCIUM CARBON CHLORINE HYDROGEN IRON NITROGEN OXYGEN

ELEMENTS TO KNOW: CALCIUM CARBON CHLORINE HYDROGEN IRON NITROGEN OXYGEN PHOSPHOROUS

ELEMENTS TO KNOW: CALCIUM CARBON CHLORINE HYDROGEN IRON NITROGEN OXYGEN PHOSPHOROUS POTASSIUM Latin : kalium

ELEMENTS TO KNOW: CALCIUM CARBON CHLORINE HYDROGEN IRON NITROGEN OXYGEN PHOSPHOROUS POTASSIUM SODIUM Latin: natrium

ELEMENTS TO KNOW: CALCIUM CARBON CHLORINE HYDROGEN IRON NITROGEN OXYGEN PHOSPHOROUS POTASSIUM SODIUM Must be able to SPELL words and MATCH names with SYMBOLS. I suggest highlighting these on Planner Pg 140 and making FLASHCARDS to study.

C Level Unit 2 Project: Complete the vocab study aid for KEY TERMS from Chapter 2 sections 1, 2, & 3 For each term, I’ve given you the textbook glossary definition. You need to add a basic definition PLUS an example, keyword, or picture. Now: Do vocab, study Elements, Oct. Bio in the News is due Monday!… Tomorrow: We’ll have the laptops in here. You should have time to research an A/B level U2 project!