奧運與運動美學教育 Sport, Art and the Aesthetic 運動, 藝術與美學

2 大綱 A. The Aesthetic B. Art C. Sport

3 運動哲學問題範疇 運動哲學問題範疇美學 主張 : 今日的花式溜冰比賽不再向過去一樣優美, 因為現今的溜冰員, 教練及裁判過度重 視競技主義.

4 A. The Aesthetic (i) The Aesthetic is a way of perceiving an object or an activity 一種觀賞一個對象或活動的態度 一種觀賞一個對象或活動的態度

5 A. The Aesthetic (ii) This aesthetic attitude is value-neutral 美感態度的價值中立 美感態度的價值中立

6 A. The Aesthetic (iii) The aesthetic requires us to consider intrinsic features of the object 考慮人事物對象的內存特性 考慮人事物對象的內存特性

7 A. The Aesthetic (iv) The aesthetic attitude can be taken towards any object whatsoever 美感態度可針對任何對象 美感態度可針對任何對象 e.g. 情人眼中出西施

8 A. The Aesthetic Summary The aesthetic attitude is a way of perceiving an object that is value-neutral, non purposive, and can be taken towards any object whatsoever.

9 B. Art (v) Art is defined in terms of the aesthetic 藝術具有美感 藝術具有美感 a. created by human beings a. created by human beings b. aesthetic artefacts b. aesthetic artefacts

10 B. Art (vi) Art is also defined in terms of embodied meanings 藝術也含有深層具體意義 藝術也含有深層具體意義 Moral, social, political & emotional meanings Moral, social, political & emotional meanings

11 B. Art (vii) The aesthetic and the artistic are to be distinguished. 美學與藝術應有所區分 美學與藝術應有所區分 Remember: anything can be perceived aesthetically, but only some things are art

12 B. Art (a) Nature is not art. - not made by human being (sunset) (b) Mere decoration is not art - Does not embody meanings (carpet) (c) Mere beauty is not art. - Not work of art (horse)

13 B. Art Summary The aesthetic refers to an attitude that can be taken towards any object, whereas the artistic refers to a limited class of objects, i.e. aesthetic artefacts that embody meanings.

14 C. Sport (viii) Must distinguish between purposive sports and aesthetic sports 必須區分目的性運動及美感運動 必須區分目的性運動及美感運動 (1) football – 得分 ( 不管頭頂或手打進球 ) (2) gymnastics – with manner (means are part of the end)

15 C. Sport (ix) Purposive sports are not art 目的性運動並非藝術 目的性運動並非藝術 - Aesthetic interest is incidental

16 C. Sport (X) Aesthetic sports are not art 美感運動並非藝術 美感運動並非藝術 Balletic dance -> the art of movement Balletic dance -> the art of movement Trampolining -> no life issues Trampolining -> no life issues

17 C. Sport Summary Balletic dance is an art form, but aesthetic sports and purposive sports are not Balletic dance is an art form, but aesthetic sports and purposive sports are not