THE TEST WILL TAKE PLACE ON: A Day – Thursday B Day – Friday THERE WILL BE A REVIEW SESSION WEDNESDAY AND THURSDAY AFTER SCHOOL

ROMAN REPUBLIC Plebeians demanded more rights from the Patricians. What was the result? The Patricians formed the Plebeian Council In a time of crisis, what did the Roman Republic reserve the right to do in terms of leadership? Put a dictator in power for 6 months

MEDIEVAL EUROPE What was the center of life for most people in Western Europe during this time? Roman Catholic Church Aside from religion, what were three main duties of the Roman Catholic Church? Collect taxes, make laws, wage wars Describe the Feudal System: Kings at the top owned the land Lords – also owned land Lords gave pieces of land to vassals for loyalty Serfs farmed the Lords land is exchange for shelter and protection

RENAISSANCE The Renaissance encompassed a revival of knowledge based on what? Classical Greek and Roman texts During this time, intellectuals attempted to improve what? The Secular view of the world, away from the church

FRENCH REVOLUTION THREE ESTATES First – Clergy/Church Second – Aristocrats Third – Merchants, artisans, and peasants What were some of the problems with the Third Estate? They had to pay pretty much all of the taxes and had no money to do so. They had no voice in the government. After the King refused to cooperate with the Estates General, the Third Estate left/was kicked out and formed what? The National Assembly

FRENCH REVOLUTION In 1792, who took over the government, leading to the execution of the King and Queen? The Jacobins The group in the question above ruled for a period of time that became known as the Reign of Terror resulting in the execution of roughly 40,000 people. Who overthrew this government and took over, eventually calling himself Emperor? Napoleon

WORLD WAR I What were the four main problems in Europe, leading to tension between the nations? M – Militarism A – Alliances I – Imperialism N – Nationalism By around 1900, Nationalism led to one positive and one negative outcome: Positive – City-states unified to form new countries Negative – The unifications led to nationalism which led to harsh rivalries

WORLD WAR I Aside from the political and economic differences between nations, what event sparked nations to call for war and when was it? Describe how it led to multiple nations declaring war on one another. June 1914, Archduke Franz Ferdinand was assassinated. This led to Austria- Hungary declaring war on Serbia. Serbia had an alliance with Russian, leading Russia to declare war on Austria-Hungary New technology and the Industrial Revolution led to new manufacturing techniques that allowed for what? More mechanized weapons and equipment, poison gas

WORLD WAR I In 1917, what makes Russia withdraw from the war? The communist revolution in Moscow Who surrendered leading to the end of the war? What year was it? Germany – 1918 In 1919, what treaty ended WWI, and what three things did Germany have to do? Treaty of Versailles – Germany had to accept full responsibility, pay damages to the other nations, and give up its territories

WORLD WAR II What two economic situations lead in to one big problem for Germany? Germany is deeply in debt to the other nations and the Great Depression ruined their economy In terms of Europe’s involvement in WWII, what event in 1939 led to the nations going to war? Germany invading Poland, violating the Treaty of Versailles Who were the two sides at war this time? What was the name of each group and who was included? Axis Powers – Germany, Japan, Italy Allied Powers – USA, Great Britain, and the Soviet Union

THE COLD WAR The start of the Cold War was when the Soviet Union did what? Took over Eastern Europe and spread their communist government What is NATO? What does it Stand for and who was a part of it? North Atlantic Treaty Organization – Western Europe and the USA What is the Warsaw Pact? Who is a part of it? The alliance with communist countries in Europe – Soviet Union and Eastern Europe