The Cold War [ ]: An Ideological Struggle Soviet & Eastern Bloc Nations [“Iron Curtain”] US & the Western Democracies GOAL  spread world- wide Communism GOAL  “Containment” of Communism & the eventual collapse of the Communist world. [George Kennan] METHODOLOGIES: 1.Espionage [KGB vs. CIA] 2.Arms Race [nuclear escalation] 3.Ideological Competition for the minds and hearts of Third World peoples [Communist govt. & command economy vs. democratic govt. & capitalist economy]  “proxy wars” 4.Bi-Polarization of Europe [NATO vs. Warsaw Pact]

The Division of Germany & Berlin

The Bipolarization of Europe

George Kennan [“X Article”]: CONTAINMENT Goals Means Actual Application 1.Restoration of the balance of power 2.Reduction of Soviet ability to project outside power. Encouragement of self- confidence in nations threatened by Soviet expansion. Exploitation of tensions in international communism. Long-term program of U.S. economic assistance [Marshall Plan] Cooperation with communist regimes; [supporting Titoism in Yugoslavia]

3.Modification of the Soviet concept of international relations. Negotiating settlement of outstanding differences. Using “carrots & sticks’; containing Germany with an embrace and Russia at arms length. George Kennan [“X Article”]: CONTAINMENT Goals Means Actual Application

National Defense Budget [ ]

Korean War [ ]

Syngman Rhee South Korea Kim Il-Sung North Korea “Domino Theory”

The Shifting Map of Korea [ ]

Korean Wa r begins 1950 Korean War began in l950, when communists in N. Korea crossed the 38 th parallel and attacked S. Korea. USA intervened and pushed communists all the way back to the Chinese border. China felt threatened and attacked and pushed US and U. N. forces back. Fighting went on and in 1953 an armistice signed-War was a draw.

China turns communist Civil war between nationalists and communists. Due to weak military leadership and corruption, the communists gained control of china.

Nationalist: Chiang Kai-shek Relied on U.S. aid Struggled with inflation and a failing economy. Suffered from weak leadership and poor morale. Warlords created many problems

Communist: Mao Zedong Relied on Soviet Aid Attracted peasants with promises of land reform and improve food production. Highly motivated leadership,defeated Nationalists-Chiang Kai Shek.

America reacts to Communist China Many felt it was a failure to contain the spread of communism. Not doing enough to contain communism. Was a fear of communists taking over U.S. & agents infiltrating our government