Animal Reproduction

Objectives Explain the meiosis process Discuss the parts and functions of the male and female reproductive systems Describe the functions of the hormones that control reproduction Describe the phases of the female reproductive cycle Explain the fertilization process

Reproduction Most important  Brings new animals into the production cycle Agricultural animals reproduce sexually  Offspring recieves genetic material from the sire(father) and the dam(mother)

Production of Gametes The male or female sex cell Male- sperm Female- egg Through a process called meiosis  Cells divide into cells only containing one set of chromosomes Formation in the male and female parts

Production of gametes in Males Spermatogenesis : cells develop into sperm during a 4 step process called meiosis 1 st step: Replicate chromosomes called chromatids 2 nd : Chromatids come together and match up in pairs in a step called synapsis 3 rd :The cells divide and the chromosomes separate receiving one chromosome from each pair 4 th  Both cells and chromatids split  Chromatids become chromosomes

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Male Parts Glands Testicles Penis

Testicles The testicles produce sperm and the hormone testosterone  Plays important role in development and growth of the male  Also develops sex characteristics  Bulls: broad massive heads with large shoulders and a hump

Testicles Scrotum  Saclike structure that houses the testicles  Proper sperm production requires a constant temperature  The scrotum contracts to and from the body to control the temperature

After the sperm is produced through meiosis  Stored in the epididymis  Matures the sperm Vas Deferens  Lead the sperm from the testicles to the urethra The urethra  Excretes urine from the bladder outside the body through the penis  Tube for the expulsion of sperm

Glands In the vas deferens other seminal fluids are added to protect and move the sperm The Cowper’s gland  Secretes fluid to clean the urethra before semen passes  Thickens the semen Prostate gland  Secretes fluid that provides nutrients for the sperm  Also helps expel the semen during the mating process

Penis 2 purposes  Expelling urine  Depositing sperm The Sheath  External part covering penis