MT7: The Cold War Lt:1-Explain How The Cold War Began And The main events of the cold war

ORIGINS (START) OF THE COLD WAR Cold war was from Lasted 54 years!!!!!!!!!!!! USA and Soviet relationship worsened after WW2 After WW2 USA and Soviet Union had different goals Soviet Union wanted security from Germany, make Germany weak, and control the nations between Germany and Soviet Union USA wanted economic stability, more world trade, and democratic nations

It was agreed that Germany would be divided up into four zones Controlled by Great Britain, USA, France and Soviet Union Stalin also wanted Germany to extremely high reparations $$ for war Stalin encouraged Poland to be Communist Roosevelt and Churchill wanted Poland to vote on government Stalin agreed to let them vote, but the new government in Poland had to be “friendly” to Soviet Union YALTA CONFERENCE: 1945 ALL ALLIED LEADERS, ROOSEVELT, CHURCHILL AND STALIN MET IN THE SOVIET UNION AT YALTA TO PLAN HOW TO REBUILD EUROPE AFTER WW2 Plan for Poland Plan for Germany

IRON CURTAIN Roosevelt dies, and Truman takes over Truman is very Anti-communist He did not want to negotiate with Stalin He felt that other nations had tried to appease Hitler which caused WW2, so he did not want to do the same with Stalin Truman met with Stalin Truman made Stalin agree to let Germany rebuild, but Stalin was not happy, he felt he had been bullied Stalin begins forcing nations to turn communist Poland, Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary and Czechoslovakia These nations were called THE IRON CURTAIN- They were a border between European nations and the Soviet Union (Russia)

Iron Curtain

CONTAINMENT The USA refused to deal with Communist Russia after Russia started to make nations communist The USA decided to follow a foreign policy of containment: keeping communism within its present territory and not letting it spread

Secretary of State George Marshall came up with a financial plan, June 1947, to help European nations recover after war – MARSHAL PLAN USA gave billions to European nations to recover from WW2 Kept many European nations from becoming communist Only for non-communist nations Stalin attempted to take over many nations This caused Truman to ask congress, in march 1947, for $400 million to fight communism Goals – Free people - fight communism worldwide Pledged to end communism!! USA FOREIGN POLICY (PLAN) OF CONTAINMENT TOWARDS COMMUNISM Truman DoctrineMarshall Plan

Communist had been fighting for control of China prior to WW2 1949, communist led by Mao Zedong took over China USA was shocked Seemed like Communism was taking over the world ASIA FALLS TO COMMUNISM China

USA and Soviet Union had divided up Korea after WW2 –kicked out Japan Divided Korea at 38 th parallel line Soviet union controlled the north while USA controlled the South Soviet union helps north Korea become communist then north Korea invades south Korea USA saw the invasion of south Korea as a threat to their foreign policy of containment USA sends troops to fight N. Korean communist USA goal was to get North Korea out of South Korea General McArthur pushes communist up to China China gets upset and pushed troops back to 38 line McArthur wanted to bomb China and Truman told him NO he would follow United Nations rules War with no winner lasted 3 yrs KOREAN WAR

By ,000+ American Soldiers had died fighting Korean war No land was gained No land was lost Containment was successful but no clear winner KOREAN WAR

Joseph McCarthy became senator in 1946 He won by accusing his opponent of communism He became head of the investigations He thought communist were in the Gov. & state departments He created a media “witch hunt” looking for communist He accused people with false information He televised his interrogations Americans were terrified!!!!!!!!!! They thought communist were everywhere Began Sept when Igor Gouzenko confessed to spying He revealed the Soviet union was trying to infiltrate the USA gov Truman creates the loyalty review program Federal employees were questioned to see if they were communist Many employees unfairly targeted and fired RED SCARE IN USA McCarthyism

1945 USA test and drop Atomic bomb 1955 USA builds B-52 plain to drop atomic bombs 1955 President Eisenhower orders Intercontinental ballistic missiles created 1955 more submarines build to launch nuclear missiles 1958 NASA created 1962 USA sends man to orbit earth July 16, 1969 USA 1 st to put man on moon Soviet Union test atomic bomb 1952 Soviet union shoots down USA spy plane October 4, 1957 Soviets launch Sputnik – 1 st satellite In 1961 Soviet Union sent the first person to orbit (go around) the earth ARMIES RACE: (SOVIET UNION VS. USA IN THE BUILDING UP OF MILITARY WEAPONS) RussiaUSA Soviet union and USA were in a battle to out do each other. Both had enough weapons to destroy the world more than once (if that was possible)

Khrushchev, ruler of Soviet Union, wanted USA, Great Britain and France to leave Germany (he controlled east Germany) When the three nations refused he built a wall through the city of Berlin to separate the part of the city he controlled ( HE DIVIDED THE CITY IN HALF!!) He posted guards who shot at any one trying to leave Fidel Castro took over Cuba, Island 57 miles from Florida He became Communist which scared the USA The USA support the rivals to Fidel Castro know as La Brigada USA gives them weapons and military support La Brigada failed, were killed USA looked like they were attacking neighboring nation and seen as weak cause it failed KENNEDY AS PRESIDENT OF USA Bay of Pigs Berlin Wall

KENNEDY AND THE CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS Most terrifying event of the entire Cold War Soviet Union sent technicians and military equipment to CUBA Soviet Union placed long range missiles on Cuba pointed at the USA Kennedy ordered a navel blockade around Cuba to keep weapons from arriving The orders from Kennedy were if any Russian ships comes within __ miles of Cuba blow it up Russia sent a ship to Cuba 0ct 14, 1962 USA ships were ordered to shoot the ship The stand off lasted 14 days It took secret negations to keep the two nations from going to war It was almost WW3

QUESTIONS 1.Why did USA president Truman refuse to negotiate with Stalin? What was he afraid might happen? 2.What is the iron curtain? 3.What foreign policy did the USA take towards Russia/Stalin? 4.Why was the Truman doctrine created? What was its purpose? 5.What did the Marshall plan do for European nations? 6.Why was the USA worried when China became communist? 7.Why did the USA get involved in Korea? 8.During the red scare and McCarthyism, why were Americans scared? 9.Who launched the first space satellite? Who used the first atomic bomb? 10.Why was the arms' race bad? 11.What event almost created WW3?