Female Care & Problems Reproductive Systems

Female Care Cleanliness –Vagina is a self-cleansing organ Slight vaginal discharge is normal –Menstruation Change sanitary napkins, tampons often –Douche, sprays Shouldn’t be necessary, unless Dr. recommended Breast self-examination –Once a month: 1 week after start of menstrual period BSE

Cancer Cases & Death Estimates 2007 Estimated New Cases #1 on the list #2 on the list

Mammogram Imaging machine to check breast tissue.

Gynecological or Pelvic Exams The “Girl Doctor” Gynechologist Purpose of going –Information –Prevention Testing: Pap Smear – Cells from the cervix BSE STI –Treatment Missed periods Pain

Reasons for an Irregular Menstrual Cycle Age: Irregular during first few years –Normal starting age Poor nutrition –Eating disorders Not just skipping meals once in a while Stress Illness –Flu Other

Female Infertility PID (Pelvic Inflammatory Disease) –Infection of fallopian tubes, ovaries… Usually caused by an STI Blocked fallopian tube –Causes: PID, abdominal surgery Endometriosis –Uterine tissue growing outside uterus & on/in other reproductive organs –Warning sign: painful menstrual cramps Watch the Video: r/Endometriosis.htm

Endometriosis

Miscarriage Expulsion of fetus before it is capable of independent life –Before the 20 th week of pregnancy Causes –Developmental defects –Many occur for unknown reasons –Drug abuse After 20 weeks it’s considered a “stillbirth”

TSS Toxic Shock Syndrome Bacterial Infection (can be treated) –Usually found in females who use tampons –Changing tampon every 3-4 hours is important to reduce growth of bacteria –Symptoms may include: sudden high fever, vomiting, diarrhea, dizziness, fainting, and a rash that looks like sunburn

Male Care & Problems Reproductive Systems

Male Care Cleanliness –Shower daily, wash foreskin if uncircumcised Protection/support –Wear a cup during strenuous activities

Male Problems Sterility –Producing too few sperm, or of poor quality –X-rays, radiation, lead from motor exhaust, temperature, smoking, STIs Hernia - when part of an organ pushes through an opening of a membrane or muscle Inguinal hernia: common in males – abdominal muscle tears and intestine pushes through

Male Problems Enlarged prostate gland –Why? Old age, infection, tumor –Enlargement can squeeze urethra making urination difficult May lead to further urinary problems with bladder & kidneys Enlarged Prostate About.com: Cancer.htm

Problems Cancer of prostate gland –Affects older men –Treatment Surgical removal, radiation & hormone therapy Testicular cancer –Most frequently years of age –Testicular self-examination 1 st sign: slight enlargement Also look for : Lumps, thickenings, change in texture –Can be cured in 90% of cases if caught early Average diagnosis age is 72

#1 on the list #2 on the list

Extra Credit

On Your Health CANCER Handout 1.When should a woman start getting a mammogram? 2.When should a woman start getting a pap smear? 3.When should a male get a prostate exam? 4.When should a male start testicular self exams? 5.When should a woman start breast self exams? Nurse with a woman about to have a mammogram.

Pair Review 1.Assign Roles Person #1 Front of WSPerson #2 Back of WS 2. Time given to review the information 3. Partner up & explain your ½ of the WS –Put it in your own words –Don’t worry about stating everything from the WS –Don’t read the WS to the other person

Ovarian Cysts

Mammogram (X Ray of the Breast) Breast Imaging Reporting and Database System (BI-RADS) CategoryAssessmentFollow-up 0Need additional imaging evaluationAdditional imaging needed before a category can be assigned 1NegativeContinue annual screening mammograms (for women over age 40) 2BenignBenign (noncancerous) findingContinue annual screening mammograms (for women over age 40) 3Probably benignReceive a 6-month follow-up mammogram 4Suspicious abnormalityMay require biopsy 5Highly suggestive of malignancy (cancer)malignancy Requires biopsy 6Known biopsy-proven malignancy (cancer) Biopsy confirms presence of cancer before treatment begins Source: