Organelles

Nucleus controls all functioning of the cell “Brain” of the cell contains the hereditary information of DNA

Nucleolus – dark regions within the nucleus. produces ribosome's Found in animal & plant cells Nucleolus

Ribosomes site of protein synthesis interprets code from RNA can be attached to ER or floating In plants & animal cells

Cell Wall Found in plants, algae, fungi, and almost all prokaryotes. carbohydrate Provides support and protection. Outside the cell membrane.

Cell Membrane Thin flexible barrier around the cell. Allows things to enter or leave the cell. Made of –phospholipid bilayer –proteins –carbohydrate chains –FLUID

Endoplasmic Reticulum –Parts of the cell membrane are assembled and some proteins are changed (modified) Rough ER – part of ER in charge of protein synthesis –Ribosomes present Smooth ER - Contains enzymes that perform specialized tasks such as lipid synthesis. -– no ribosomes present

Golgi Apparatus Enzymes here attach carbohydrates and lipids to proteins After the ER makes the proteins, it moves into the Golgi Apparatus From the Golgi Apparatus, proteins are moved to their final destination – packaged for export

Lysosomes Small organelle filled with enzymes Functions to break down lipids, carbohydrates and proteins from food into particles that could be utilized by the rest of the cell Debris removal of worn out organelles

Vacuoles Temporary storage areas for food water, enzymes and waste Special types –Contactile –pumps out excess water in single celled water dwelling organisms –Central - large vacuole found in plants used for water storage

Chloroplasts Contain Chlorophyll Use energy from sunlight to make energy-rich food Site of photosynthesis Light energy + H 2 O + CO 2 C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2

Mitochondria Power house of cell Site of cellular respiration –release energy from stored food molecules Energy released from the mitochondria is used by the cell for growth, development and movement O 2 + C 6 H 12 O 6 CO 2 + H 2 O + Energy