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IT Infrastructure Amna Riaz007 Tayaba Ashraf008 2

Knowledge???? 0 Facts, information, and skills acquired through experience or education; the theoretical or practical understanding of a subject.

Knowledge Cont…. 0 Data: Ex: It is raining. 0 Information: It is raining since 2 p.m O’clock in Gujrat. 0 Knowledge : Ex: The temperature dropped 15 degrees and then it started raining. 0 Wisdom : Ex: If the humidity is very high and the temperature drops substantially the atmospheres is often unlikely to be able to hold the moisture so it rains.

Types Of Knowledge 0 Two types of knowledge are usually defined, namely explicit and tacit knowledge. 0 The former refers to codified knowledge, such as that found in documents, while the latter refers to non codified and often personal/experience-based knowledge.

Types Of Knowledge Explicit knowledge Tacit Knowledge 0 Knowledge that is codified, recorded, or actualized into some form outside of the head. 0 It is sometimes referred to as know-what (Brown & Duguid 1998). 0 Explicit knowledge is found in: databases, memos, notes, documents, etc. (Botha et al. 2008) 0 Books, journals, maps, photographs, audio-recordings 0 Webpages, websites, portals 0 Knowledge from experience and insight, not Codified/recorded form, but in our heads, intuition. 0 It is sometimes referred to as know-how (Brown & Duguid 1998) 0 Tacit knowledge is found in: the minds of human stakeholders. It includes cultural beliefs, values, attitudes, mental models, etc. as well as skills, capabilities and expertise (Botha et al 2008).

Knowledge Management 0 "Knowledge Management is the discipline to enable individuals, teams, organizations and communities, more collectively and systematically capture, store, share and apply their knowledge, to achieve their objectives.“ 0 KM is about making the right knowledge available to the right people at right time. It is about making sure that an organization can learn, and that it will be able to retrieve and use its knowledge assets in current applications as they are needed.

KM Process

Knowledge Management Processes The different processes Of KM are: 0 Knowledge Acquisition 0 Knowledge Storage 0 Knowledge Dissemination 0 Knowledge Application

Knowledge Storage Knowledge Dissemination Knowledge Application Knowledge Acquisition

1. Knowledge acquisition 0 Knowledge that a firm can try to obtain from external sources. 0 The main sources are of knowledge acquisition are 0 Customers 0 Suppliers 0 Competitors 0 Partners 0 Other expertise

0 Documenting tacit and explicit knowledge 0 Storing documents, reports, presentations, best practices 0 Unstructured documents (e.g., s) 0 Developing online expert networks 0 Creating knowledge 1. Knowledge acquisition Cont…

2. Knowledge storage 0 Knowledge Storage involves activities that "classify, map, index, and categorize knowledge for navigation, storage, and retrieval" (Botha et al. 2008). 0 Databases 0 Document management systems

3. Knowledge Dissemination 0 Web Portals 0 Search engines 0 Collaboration tools 0 Training Programs 0 Informal Networks

4. Knowledge Application 0 Organizational knowledge becomes systematic part of management decision making and become situated in decision-support systems. 0 New business practices 0 New products and services 0 New markets

THE KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT VALUE CHAIN

KM Tools IT - Based

Non–IT Methods and Tools 0 Brainstorming 0 Learning and Idea Capture 0 Peer Assist 0 Learning Reviews 0 After Action Review 0 Storytelling 0 Collaborative Physical Workspace 0 Knowledge Café 0 Community of Practice 0 Taxonomy

IT-Based Tools 0 The IT-based tools and systems that can help knowledge management (KM) fulfill its goals, Are follows: 0 Decision Support Systems 0 access and manipulate data 0 enhance decision-making and solve problems by working with the manager rather than replacing him. 0 Data Warehouse & Data Mining 0 Warehousing data is based on the premise that the quality of a manager's decisions is based, at least in part, on the quality of his information. Alan FrostAlan Frost M.Sc., Updated 2013

0 Groupware is a term that refers to technology designed to help people collaborate and includes a wide range of applications. Wikipedia defines three handy categories for groupware: 0 Communication tools: Tools for sending messages and files, including , web publishing, wikis, filesharing, etc. 0 Conferencing tools: e.g. video/audio conferencing, chat, forums, etc. 0 Collaborative management tools: Tools for managing group activities, e.g. project management systems, workflow systems, information management systems, etc. 0 Some Others Are: 0 The intranet and extranet 0 Content management systems 0 Document management systems 0 Artificial intelligence tools 0 Simulation tools 0 Semantic networks

In Short….!  Knowledge: Facts, information, and skills acquired through experience or education  Two Types: explicit and tacit knowledge  Why Knowledge: knowledge is a valuable asset that can be managed as effectively as physical assets  KM Process: Acquire, Store, Share, Apply  Knowledge Management is connecting people, processes and technology for the purpose of enhancing corporate knowledge.  KM Tools: IT & Non-IT  The Database Professionals of today are the Knowledge Managers of future.

References 0 it_mngmnt/knowledge_management_4/index.html 0 resources-techniques.html 0 Knowledge Management, Tools and Techniques Manual by Dr. Ronald Young, United Kingdom.