Westward Expansion MANIFEST DESTINY AND THE RISE OF SECTIONALISM

Manifest Destiny “And that claim is by the right of our manifest destiny to overspread and to possess the whole of the continent which Providence has given us for the development of the great experiment of liberty and federated self-government entrusted to us.” - John L. O'Sullivan

Manifest Destiny  the popular attitude in the United States during the 19th century that the American nation not only could, but was destined to, stretch from coast to coast  Destiny, fate, providence  Destined = set apart for a special purpose  There were political, economic, and social reasons (“roots”) of Manifest Destiny

Manifest Destiny  Political Reasons  Expand democracy o Americans believed their political system was the best for mankind o missionaries of democracy  International prestige o expanding west would place the U.S. among the most powerful nations in the world

Manifest Destiny  Economic Reasons  the rapid growth of the American economy during the Industrial Revolution and cotton empire in the south demanded more farmland, ranches, minerals and furs  GOLD!  Future Prosperity – the U.S. will need the land and wealth of the west in the future

Manifest Destiny  Social Reasons  Nationalism  Pioneer Spirit - individualism  The “destiny” comes from God – God has chosen the United States to expand across the continent

Manifest Destiny  Original United States  Americans win the Revolutionary War against Britain and sign the Treaty of Paris in 1783

Manifest Destiny  Northwest Ordinance 1787  Set up a process for territories to become states

Manifest Destiny  Louisiana Purchase  President Thomas Jefferson purchases the Louisiana Territory from France

Manifest Destiny  Spain cedes Florida to U.S. in 1819  Spain and U.S. disputed their boundaries after the LA Purchase  Rather than go to war, Spain and U.S. signed the Adams-Onis Treaty in 1819  This treaty ceded Florida to the U.S. and solved the boundary disputes

?

How did Texas become part of the United States? Pages “The Annexation of Texas (1845)

Manifest Destiny  The Annexation of Texas  1820s – American settlers are allowed to move into Mexican territory known as “Texas”  1830 – Mexico passes a law prohibiting settlers into Texas  American settlers dispute this new law  Fighting breaks out, and Mexican General Santa Anna defeats American settlers at the Alamo and Goliad  Settlers declare their independence from Mexico 1836

Manifest Destiny  The Annexation of Texas  The Texan rebels capture General Santa Anna at the Battle of San Jacinto  The general signs a treaty recognizing Texas as an independent nation 1836

Manifest Destiny  The Annexation of Texas  Texas won independence from Mexico in 1836  Texas wanted to be annexed by the U.S. almost immediately  Q: Why would U.S. hesitate for 9 years?  The U.S. worried that annexing Texas could cause conflicts with Mexico  James K. Polk is elected President in 1844, promising to annex Texas  1845 – Congress votes to annex Texas The Republic of Texas

“It’s over, Mexico”

“I want you, Texas”

A B C D E F G

Manifest Destiny  Mexican-American War  READ pages “Conflict Begins  Peace Terms” Create a Multi-Flow Map showing the causes and effects of the Mexican-American War

Manifest Destiny  Mexican-American War  United States annexed Texas in 1845  Mexico and the U.S. disagreed about the borders of Texas

Manifest Destiny  Mexican-American War  United States annexed Texas in 1845  Mexico and the U.S. disagreed about the borders of Texas  President James K. Polk sent American troops into the disputed area  These troops clashed with Mexican troops  President Polk declared war on Mexico President James K. Polk

Manifest Destiny  Mexican-American War  Causes  U.S. annexation of Texas  Border dispute  Americans wanted California

Manifest Destiny  Mexican-American War  During the War…  Americans in California rebelled to form their own republic  They named California the Bear Flag Republic

Manifest Destiny  Mexican-American War  The War  The U.S. had enormous advantages in the war

Manifest Destiny  Mexican-American War  The War  U.S. troops marched through Mexico into Mexico City – the capital  Mexico surrenders and signs a treaty  Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo 1848  Border of Texas would be Rio Grande  Mexico would sell all territories in North America

Manifest Destiny  Gadsden Purchase 1853  The U.S. wanted to build a railroad from the southern states to the western coast

Manifest Destiny  Gadsden Purchase 1853  The U.S. wanted to build a railroad from the southern states to the western coast  So, they purchased this portion of land for $10 million

A B C D E F G

Manifest Destiny  Oregon Territory  The Oregon Territory (“country”) was a large area north of California that included modern day Oregon, Washington, and Idaho  In the early 1800s, four nations claimed the Oregon Territory:  Great Britain  United States  Russia  Spain

Manifest Destiny  Oregon Territory  Spain gave up their claim to Oregon in the Adams-Onis Treaty  1824 Russia gave up their claim to Oregon  The United States and Great Britain worked out a “joint occupation” deal  British and American settlers could move there

Manifest Destiny  Oregon Territory  The Manifest Destiny attitude caused Americans to want to have control of Oregon  James K. Polk and his supporters wanted all of the Oregon Territory, from 54° latitude down

Manifest Destiny  Oregon Territory  In 1846, Britain and the U.S. reached a peaceful agreement  The territory would be divided at the 49° latitude

READ pages