Acids and Bases By Abdul Musawwir Class 2Q. NaCl NaOH A Salt A Base The base is under a salt!! Copyright © 2011 | Abdul Musawwir.

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Presentation transcript:

Acids and Bases By Abdul Musawwir Class 2Q

NaCl NaOH A Salt A Base The base is under a salt!! Copyright © 2011 | Abdul Musawwir

What are Acids?  Acids are substances that produce hydrogen ions (H + ) in water.  Turns blue litmus red.  Have a sour taste Copyright © 2011 | Abdul Musawwir

HCl H+H+ Cl - What are Acids? Copyright © 2011 | Abdul Musawwir

Strong and Weak acids  Strong acids completely ionises in water  Weak acids partially ionises in water Copyright © 2011 | Abdul Musawwir

HCl H+H+ Cl - Strong Acids Hydrochloric acid is a strong acid Copyright © 2011 | Abdul Musawwir

CH 3 COOH CH 3 COO - Weak Acids H+H+ Ethanoic acid is a weak acid Copyright © 2011 | Abdul Musawwir

Strong diluted acid Weak diluted acid Strong concentrated acidWeak concentrated acid H+H+ CH 3 COO - H+H+ CH 3 COOH H+H+ Cl - H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ Copyright © 2011 | Abdul Musawwir

What are Bases & Alkalis?  Bases are hydroxides (OH - ) of metals  Alkalis produces hydroxide ions in water.  Alkalis are bases but not all bases are alkalis Bases Alkalis Copyright © 2011 | Abdul Musawwir

NaOH OH - Na Acids & Bases Alkalis dissolve in water CuSO 4 Bases do not dissolve in water Copyright © 2011 | Abdul Musawwir

Strong and Weak alkalis  Strong alkalis completely ionises in water  Example: NaOH water Na + + OH -  Weak alkalis partially ionises in water  Example: NH 3 + H 2 O water NH OH - Copyright © 2011 | Abdul Musawwir

 Reduces the acidity or alkalinity of a strong acid or alkali  Produces a salt and a water.  Example: NaOH + HCl NaCl + H 2 O Neutralisation Copyright © 2011 | Abdul Musawwir AcidBaseSaltWater

 Brønsted acids are acids which donate a proton to the base.  Brønsted bases are bases which receive a proton from the acid.  Conjugate acids are bases that has receive an electron  Conjugate bases are acids that has donated an electron. Brønsted Theory Copyright © 2011 | Abdul Musawwir

Hydroxide (Conjugate Base) Water (Br østeid Acid) Ammonia (Br ønsteid Base) Ammonium (Conjugate Acid) Brønsted Theory Copyright © 2011 | Abdul Musawwir

Lewis Theory  States that electrons are transferred instead of protons. Copyright © 2011 | Abdul Musawwir

Lewis Theory Copyright © 2011 | Abdul Musawwir Hydrochloric Acid Sodium Hydroxide Water Sodium ions Chloride ions

Lewis Theory Copyright © 2011 | Abdul Musawwir

Application of Neutalisation  To treat insect stings  To treat indigestion  Control pH of soil  In toothpaste Copyright © 2011 | Abdul Musawwir

Cos the base is under a salt! Copyright © 2011 | Abdul Musawwir