MCAS BIOLOGY REVIEW Cell Biology Ms. Mezzetti Lynn English High School Science Department

2.1: CELL ORGANELLES Relate cell parts/organelles to their functions.ORGANELLESTRUCTUREFUNCTION plasma membrane protects, supports and is semipermeable-allows substances in and out of cell nucleus contains DNA/chromosomes which controls cell’s activities nuclear envelope surrounds nucleus, lets mRNA leave nucleus cytoplasm everything between nucleus and plasma membrane

 cell boundary  controls movement of materials in & out  recognizes signals  jelly-like material holding organelles in place  transport inside cells  storage  make ATP energy from sugar + O 2  protects DNA  controls cell  builds proteins  helps finish proteins  makes membranes  finishes, packages & ships proteins  food digestion  garbage disposal &recycling Animal Cell-Identify the organelles

cell membrane  cell boundary  controls movement of materials in & out  recognizes signals cytoplasm  jelly-like material holding organelles in place vacuole & vesicles  transport inside cells  storage mitochondria  make ATP energy from sugar + O 2 nucleus  protects DNA  controls cell ribosomes  builds proteins ER  helps finish proteins  makes membranes Golgi apparatus  finishes, packages & ships proteins lysosome  food digestion  garbage disposal &recycling Animal Cell

 storage: food, water or waste  make ATP in cellular respiration  make ATP & sugars in photosynthesis  support  cell boundary  controls movement of materials in & out  recognizes signals  finish & ship proteins  control cell  protects DNA  processes proteins  makes membranes  make proteins  jelly-like material around organelles  make ribosomes Plant Cell-name the organelles

central vacuole  storage: food, water or waste mitochondria  make ATP in cellular respiration chloroplast  make ATP & sugars in photosynthesis cell wall  support cell membrane  cell boundary  controls movement of materials in & out  recognizes signals Golgi apparatus  finish & ship proteins nucleus  control cell  protects DNA endoplasmic reticulum  processes proteins  makes membranes ribosomes  make proteins cytoplasm  jelly-like material around organelles nucleolus  make ribosomes Plant Cell

2.1: CELL ORGANELLES PSEUDOPOD CILIA FLAGELLUM Found mostly in animal cells; all used for cell movement

2.1 Role of cell membrane Explain the role of cell membranes as a highly selective barrier (diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion, and active transport).

Role of cell membrane-osmosis Osmosis – diffusion of water

2.2: PROKARYOTES/EUKARYOTES 2.2: PROKARYOTES/EUKARYOTES Compare and contrast, at the cellular level, prokaryotes and eukaryotes (general structures and degrees of complexity).PROKARYOTESBOTHEUKARYOTES No nucleus DNA Membrane bound nucleus No membrane bound organelles Ribosome s Membrane bound organelles-ER; golgi bodies; mitochondria; lysosome Bacteria Plasma membrane Animal, plant, protist and fungi cells Simple cells Cytoplasm Complex cells

2.2: PROKARYOTES/EUKARYOTES

2.3 CELLULAR EVIDENCE FOR 6 KINGDOMS Use cellular evidence: cell structure cell number, cell reproduction modes of nutrition to describe the six kingdoms (Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia).

7 LEVELS OF CLASSIFICATION

2.3 SIX KINGDOMS OF LIFE

2.4 PHOTOSYNTHESIS Identify the reactants, products, and basic purposes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Takes place in the chloroplasts of plants Produces glucose plants convert to starch for storage, cellulose for structure and ATP for energy.

2.4 CELL RESPIRATION Takes place in the mitochondria Process produces ATP Aerobic respiration requires oxygen Anaerobic- no oxygen; fermentation; takes place in cytosol

2.4: Explain the interrelated nature of photosynthesis and cellular respiration in the cells of photosynthetic organisms. Plants are autotrophs- produce their own food Animals are heterotrophs-rely on other organisms for their nutrition (food).

2.5 Explain the important role that ATP serves in metabolism.

2.6 MITOSIS/CELL CYCLE Describe the cell cycle and the process of mitosis.

2.6: MITOSIS Explain the role of mitosis in the formation of new cells, and its importance in maintaining chromosome number during asexual reproduction. Purpose of mitosis is for growth and repair in somatic (body cells)

2.7 Meiosis- Describe how the process of meiosis results in the formation of haploid cells.

2.8 Compare and contrast a virus and a cell in terms of genetic material and reproduction. Viruses can contain DNA and RNA Viruses can not reproduce on their own They need to invade a host cell to reproduce Bacteriophages invade bacteria; inject their DNA into the host cell