Layers and Valley Networks By Nyan Cat: T. J. Kano Aery Kim Eunice Kim Mitsie Kim Hawon Koo Chandelle Pascual Valley Network Layers

Research Question Aery, Hawon, Chandelle, TJ How are layers and valley networks related? Why is your science question important? Why is your science question important? We think it is important because they both relate to certain things (possibly) and how it relates to Mars today. Why is your science question interesting? Why is your science question interesting? It is interesting because it combines our group’s two main ideas that we wanted to do.

Background Information Layers Valley Networks

Background Information Layers Layers are formed by dust particles and water sediments piling on top of each other pressing down on each other because of its own weight. Over time, the layers got thicker and thicker. A Picture of a layer Aery, Eunice, Mitsie, T.J., Chandelle, Hawon

Backround Information Valley Networks Valley networks maybe formed by recurrent floods during a long period when the Martian climate may have been much like that of some arid or semiarid regions on Earth. Valley networks maybe formed by recurrent floods during a long period when the Martian climate may have been much like that of some arid or semiarid regions on Earth. Valley Networks

Background Information Other Information It is thought that valley networks were run by ground flows instead of rain, like the ones on Earth is. It is thought that valley networks were run by ground flows instead of rain, like the ones on Earth is. Layers are found usually near polar ice caps and is not commonly known (as a topic). Layers are found usually near polar ice caps and is not commonly known (as a topic). Hawon, Chanelle

Hypothesis Mitsie, Aery, T.J., Eunice, an Chandelle’s hypothesis: Mitsie, Aery, T.J., Eunice, an Chandelle’s hypothesis: If there are many samples of layers, then by looking at pictures of layers to see if there are valley networks, it will show that the layers were made by the valley networks because the water would flow from the valley networks and create layers.

Methods Spacecraft NASA’s Mars Odyssey Camera THEMIS Camera Image Type Visible Images-to see details within the crater MOLA-to see context of image and depth Geologic Features Studied How are layers and valley networks related? This relates because we have to look at the geologic features on layers and valley networks This relates because we have to look at the geologic features on layers and valley networks Geographic regions we focused on All parts of Mars with layers Themis Camera

Methods continued Sample Size 61 THEMIS Images used to gather data Categories of Data to be collected and “Why” Image ID#- To see if it was a duplicate images Latitude/Longitude- To know where to graph it and know where it is located Misc. data- To record other interesting information not warranted by necessary data categories but certainly important to our study Features- To see if valley networks are nearby Measurements Picture Diameter- Rough estimation relative to image parameters based on THEMIS Camera’s Visible Image range of 18km x 30km

Methods Continued Website List: Website List: 1. website; 2. Search “layers” 3. Click on pictures of “layers” 4. Log Latitude,Longitude 5. Log any other features 6. Log image #

Data

Data Image#LatitudeLongitudeFeatures V Wind streaks &preserved craters V Craters &sand dunes &mountains &chaotic terrain N/A Chaotic terrain &modified craters V Crater

N/A Chaotic terrain N/A15.8 S210.2Craters, Channels and streamlines N/A Channels &craters N/A Chaotic terrain N/A Chaotic terrain

V Chaotic Terrain V Chaotic Terrain V Destroyed Craters Hebes Chasma Canyons &Landslide V Dust devil Tracks

V Craters V Craters, Chaotic Terrain &Dust devil tracks V Dust devil Tracks Craters V Destroyed Craters

V Dust devil Tracks V Destroyed Craters &Mountains V Modified Craters V Windstreaks &Destroyed craters N/A-8097Modified Craters

V Thin Coating of dust V N/A V Modified Craters V N/A V Sand Dunes

V Wind streaks V Destroyed Craters V Wind streaks N/A Preserved &Modified Craters V Modified Craters &Sand Dunes

V Wind streaks &Modified Craters V Preserved Craters &Wind streaks V Polar Ice Caps V Sand Dunes V Clouds

V Ice Caps V Landslide V ONLY LAYERS V Small Dunes &basaltic Sands V Destroyed Craters

N/A V N/A V Sand Dunes V Landslide V N/A

V Sand Dunes V Landslide N/A Sand Dunes V Chaotic Terrain V N/A

V N/A V N/A -8097Craters &Chaotic Terrain V Mountains V Preserved Craters

V Landslide &Craters V Craters &Canyons

Discussion

Discussion This data chart is a bar graph which tells us the amount of each sixteen geological features near layers. About half of the sixteen features are below three and the rest are above- craters being the highest with the amount of about thirty. There were five features that showed up only once.

Discussion This graph is a scatter plot, showing us the 60 locations of layers. This graph shows the latitude and longitude of layers we have found. We’ve figured out that most layers are on the edges of the MOLA Map and the latitudes are usually ranging from negatives to positive 80’s. The longitude is mostly positive going up to more than 300 and there are no negatives at all.

Bibliography Baldwin, Emily. " Episodic Not Catastrophic Flooding on Mars." Astronomy Now Online. 11 Sept Web. 20 Nov Baldwin, Emily. " Episodic Not Catastrophic Flooding on Mars." Astronomy Now Online. 11 Sept Web. 20 Nov "Layers of Mars." NASA Science Web. 23 Nov "Layers of Mars." NASA Science Web. 23 Nov Dickinson, David. "May 2009 News and Notes." Astro Guyz. Genesis Frame, Education Theme, 1 May Web. 29 Nov Dickinson, David. "May 2009 News and Notes." Astro Guyz. Genesis Frame, Education Theme, 1 May Web. 29 Nov Layers-Period 2 (typo): Layers-Period 2 (typo): "Mars Global Surveyor MOC2-262 Release." Space Cameras, Operations, and Science - Malin Space Science Systems. Malin Space Science System, NASA, 4 Dec Web. 01 Dec "Mars Global Surveyor MOC2-262 Release." Space Cameras, Operations, and Science - Malin Space Science Systems. Malin Space Science System, NASA, 4 Dec Web. 01 Dec Valley Networks: Valley Networks: "An Odyssey Of Mars Science: Part 3." Space News From SpaceDaily.Com. 18 Dec Web. 01 Dec "An Odyssey Of Mars Science: Part 3." Space News From SpaceDaily.Com. 18 Dec Web. 01 Dec VN: VN: "MARSIS." CO.RI.S.T.A. Ed. Stefania Mattei. Consorzio Di Ricerca Su Sistemi Di Telesensori Avanzati. Web. 01 Dec "MARSIS." CO.RI.S.T.A. Ed. Stefania Mattei. Consorzio Di Ricerca Su Sistemi Di Telesensori Avanzati. Web. 01 Dec mars_layers...: mars_layers...: Riding with Robots: Archive. NASA, 23 June Web. 1 Dec "Mars Global Surveyor MOC2-262 Release." Space Cameras, Operations, and Science - Malin Space Science Systems. Malin Space Science System, NASA, 4 Dec Web. 01 Dec "Mars Global Surveyor MOC2-262 Release." Space Cameras, Operations, and Science - Malin Space Science Systems. Malin Space Science System, NASA, 4 Dec Web. 01 Dec