1 Respiratory cycle Normal respiratory cycle حدث الشهيق والزفير take about 5 seconds 3 seconds for expiration and 2 seconds for inspiration مهمه احفظها.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Respiratory Areas in the Brainstem
Advertisements

The mechanics of breathing
Chapter 18b Gas Exchange and Transport Expiration Inspiration Sensory receptors Integrating centers Efferent neurons Effectors Afferent neurons.
Regulation of Respiration
Dr Archna Ghildiyal Associate Professor Department of Physiology KGMU Respiratory System.
Pulmonary Ventilation 1 David Taylor
Respiratory System Chapter 15
WINDSOR UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
F ‘08 P. Andrews, Instructor.  Respiration  Exchange of gases between an organism and it’s environment  Pulmonary (external) respiration Occurs in.
Physiology of the Respiratory System
Lecture 4 Control of VE Ventilatory response to CO 2 Ventilatory response to O 2 Ventilatory response to pH Ventilatory response to exercise.
3- mammals : Why co2 yes but o2 no !!!!!!!!!!!!! Skin o2 is trivial
Control of Respiration Respiratory centre as an integrator of inputs from chemoreceptors, other receptors and higher centres Exercise Chemoreceptors: Peripheral.
Control of Ventilation
Regulation of breathing
Unit 3A Human Form & Function Cells, metabolism & regulation Regulation of gas concentrations.
Control of Respiration Dr. Meg-angela Christi Amores.
Control of Respiration
NEURAL CONTROL OF BREATHING
CONTROL OF RESPIRATION
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Control of Respiration: Medullary Respiratory Centers  The dorsal respiratory.
Part 5 Control of Respiration
Respiratory System Control of Breathing.
CONTROL OF RESPIRATION
Respiratory System Chapter 16 Bio 160.
Regulation of Respiration Prof. K. Sivapalan. Introduction 20132Regulation of Respiration.
Control of Respiration Week 5 Dr. Walid Daoud A. Professor.
CONTROL OF VENTILATION Joanne Simpson. Basic Sub-groups Central Controller EffectorsSensors InputOutput.
Pages ,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 Milliliters (ml) Inspiratory reserve volume 3,100 ml Tidal volume 500 ml Expiratory reserve volume.
Unit 3A Human Form & Function Cells, metabolism & regulation Regulation of gas concentrations.
PHYSIOLOGY OF CONTROL OF BREATHING Prof. Sultan Ayoub Meo MBBS, M.Phil, Ph.D (Pak), M Med Ed (Dundee), FRCP (London), FRCP (Dublin), FRCP (Glasgow), FRCP.
Section 4 Regulation of the Respiration.
Regulation of respiration Lecture by Dr Sandeep :30-9:30am.
Unit Seven: Respiration
Control of Breathing. Objectives 1.Distinguish between the automatic and conscious/voluntary control of breathing. Identify the key structures involved.
Faisal I. Mohammed, MD, PhD Yanal A. Shafagoj MD, PhD
Respiratory Physiology
Copyright © 2008 Thomson Delmar Learning CHAPTER 9 Control of Ventilation.
Oxygen Concentration and Partial Pressure in the Alveoli
3-Mar-16Control of Respiration1 Neural Mechanisms Chemical Mechanisms.
Ch. 16 Respiratory System Sec
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM (CONTROL OF RESPIRATION) Dr. Mohammed Sharique Ahmed Quadri Assistant Prof. physiology Al maarefa college 1.
Regulation of breathing.  What makes the inspiratory muscles contract and relax rhythmically?  How could the respiratory activity be modified?  How.
Regulation of respiration Nervous system:  Normally adjusts the rate of alv. vent. almost exactly to the demands of the body so that arterial P O2 & P.
Pages  Tidal Volume (TV): (know this) - total air moved with each breath  Normal breathing moves about 500 ml  Inspiratory reserve volume.
Regulation of Respiration
Human Physiology Respiratory Requlation
Regulation of respiration2
Anatomy & Physiology II Misericordia University
Control of Pulmonary ventilation
Dr. Shaikh Mujeeb Ahmed Assistant Professor AlMaarefa College
CONTROL OF RESPIRATION
The Respiratory System and Its Regulation
Neuronal demand.
Anna Ayres, Holly Munsterman, Jessica Gile
Gwen Kennedy, Kia Witt, and Nicole Larson
Respiratory System Physiology
Regulation of respiration
Resp reg.
The Respiratory System
Chemical Control of Respiration
Regulation of respiration
Slide of 33.
RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY
CONTROL OF RESPIRATION Ihtsham. What You will Know From This Lecture? Neural Control of Respiration Name of Respiratory centers in the Brain stem Role.
Control of Respiration
Control of Respiration
Control of Breathing.
Control of Breathing Dr. Aida Korish Assoc. Prof. Physiology KSU
Volumes Tidal Volume (TV) = volume of air during one resting respiratory cycle. Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV) = volume of air that can be forcefully.
Presentation transcript:

1 Respiratory cycle Normal respiratory cycle حدث الشهيق والزفير take about 5 seconds 3 seconds for expiration and 2 seconds for inspiration مهمه احفظها This happen if the rate is 12 If the rate increase the period will decrase

مراكز التحكم بالتنفس هي اولا A-Respiratory Centers in The Medlla وهي : 1- The Dorsal Respiratory Group (DRG) :- تعمل دائما لابتداء التنفس Contains neurons اعصاب innervating توصل الاشاره الى the external intercostal muscles, and diaphragm. وبالتالي تحدث الشهيق – كما نعلم سابقا الزفير لا يحتاج عضلات الا عند الزفير بقوه They initiate inspiration whether quiet عادي - طبيعي or Forced قوي. 2 هذا الدرس وما بعده غير داخل بالاختبار الشهري

3 2- The Ventral Respiratory Group (VRG) :- Functions only during forced breathing فقط. Contains neurons innervating expiratory muscles (expiratory center) التي لا تعمل الا عندما يحتاج الجسم زفير قوي, and muscles involved in deep inspiration (inspiratory center). When the inspiratory neurons are active, the expiratory neurons are inhibited, and vice versa والعكس بالعكس.

B-The Apneustic and Pneumotaxic Center of The Pons The Apneustic center stimulate the DRG ( dorsal respiratory group ) → ↑ Depth of inspiration for 2 seconds. Then The Pneumotaxic center inhibits the Apneustic center → Limit inspiration → Promote يحفز passive or active expiration. Damage to the Pneumotaxic center → Prolonged deep inspiration (Gasping breathing). 4

Control of Ventilation By :- كما ذكر سابقا 1- Neurons in the medulla and pons. شرحت في الشرائح السابقه 2- Respiratory reflexes.

صوره لما تم شرحه من قبل منطقه لم تذكر من قبل ووظيفتها التحك برتم التنفس

سيم وهذي الصوره فيها تفاصيل وتسهل الموضوع

Respiratory Reflexes العواكس الوضعيه : تعكس وضع الجسم للمخ – رادارات - 1- The Chemoreceptor Reflexes :- : تنقسم الى A- The Central في المخ Chemoreceptors :- Found in the medulla (Chemosensitive area). Stimulated by ↑PCo₂, and ↓ PH of the CSF فقط ولا تتاثر بتغير الحموضه بالدم بسبب وجود الحاجز – يشرح لاحقا -. B- The Peripheral خارج المخ Chemoreceptors :- Found in the carotid and aortic bodies. Stimulated by ↓PH, ↓PO₂, or indirectly by ↑PCo₂, because changes in PCo₂ affect PH. 8

هذه الشريحه تتحدث عن حيث ان هذه الريسيبتور تتاثر بضغط ثاني اكسيد الكربون القادم من الدم ولكنها لا تتاثر بال ( بي اتش ) القادمه من الدم بسبب وجود الحاجز الذي يمنع مروره والصوره توضح ذلك Central chemoreceptor

هذه تشرح اماكن الكيموريسيبتور وهي مهمه

مهمه جدا وتلخص الموضوع

13 ↓ Arterial Po₂ by 60% → 50―70% increase in respiratory rate. ↑ Arterial PCo₂ by only 10% → 100% increase in respiratory rate. لذلك ينصح اعطاء المريض الذي يحتاج تنفس صناعي هواء عبر الفم لانه يحوي ثاني اكسيد الكربون فيقوم بتنشيط مركز التنفس لدي المريض Therefore Co₂ levels اهم عامل مؤثر are the primary drivers of respiratory activity. هذه الشريحه تشرح العوامل التي تؤثر غعلى مركز التنفس

Voluntary Control of Respiration Voluntary control of respiration during e.g. Breath holding, Talking, or Swimming is the function of the Cerebral Cortex. Anticipation قبل of severe exercise → ↑ Resp. rate and ↑ C.O كارديك اوت بوت by sympathetic stimulation. Chemoreceptors can not be consciously Suppressed ان توقف عن العمل. So you can not kill yourself by holding your breath. يقول الدكتور دور طريقه ثانيه تنتحر فيها 15

17 2- The Baroreceptor Reflexes نفس حقت القلب :- ↓ B.P. → ↑ Respiratory rate. ↑ B.P. → ↓ Respiratory rate. 3- The Hering − Breuer اسم عالم Reflexes [ Slowly adapting receptors ] :- تقسم الى A- The Inflation Reflex عاكسات الانتفاخ :- When the tidal volume exceeds تجاوز 1.5 liters → Stretch receptors in the bronchioles are stimulated → through the vagus nerve → ↓ Resp. rate → Protect the lung from overinflation.

18 B- The Deflation Reflex :- Receptors are located in the alveolar walls. Stimulated by forced expiration → Inhibits the expiratory center and stimulates the inspiratory center. عشان ما تخلي هواءالرئه كله يطلع