Bell Ringer (No. 2) Read “WWI The Temper of War” Answer the question in 2 sentences on your bell ringer page.

WWI: NEUTRALITY AND ITS FAILURE Wednesday October 30 Main Idea: Although the US tried to remain neutral, events soon pushed the nation into World War I

WWI Notes Copy Graphic Organizer on back board Make the boxes big enough to jot things down in as we go along As you take notes in your notebook over each topic, we will fill in a bullet point for each box at the end of the day

Woodrow Wilson’s Diplomacy Mexican Revolution 1911 Wilson refused to recognize the new government Wilson sent U.S. Marines to seize the Mexican port of Veracruz and overthrow Huerta, the new leader. Anti-American riots broke out in Mexico. Pancho Villa led a guerrilla attack into New Mexico, and a number of Americans were killed. Wilson sent General John J. Pershing and his troops into Mexico to capture Villa; they were unsuccessful. Result Damaged US foreign relations British ridiculed president’s attempt to “shoot the Mexicans into self-government” Latin America disliked the US’s “moral imperialism”

Outbreak of WWI Throughout the late 1800s and early 1900s, a number of factors created problems among the powers of Europe and set the stage for a monumental war Alliance System Creation of Germany Triple Alliance: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy Franco-Russian Alliance Naval Race Naval race with Germany and Britain Entente Cordiale - Britain establishes closer relations with France and Russia Triple Entente – Britain, France, and Russia Balkan Crisis Serbs, Bosnians, Croats, and Slovenes wanted to create their own nation New nation of Serbia attempted to unite the South Slavs with Russia’s support Austria-Hungary tried to limit Serbia’s growth by annexing Bosnia Austria-Hungary had no intent of letting its Slavic people become independent

Assassination of Franz Ferdinand June 1914 – Archduke Franz Ferdinand (heir to the Austro- Hungarian throne) went to Sarajevo, Bosnia Bosnian revolutionary Gavrilo Princip shot him and his wife Austro-Hungarian government blamed Serbia New war with Serbia might mean war with Russia Germany promised to support Austria-Hungary July 28 Austria declared war on Serbia Russia mobilized its troops (some on German border) Germany declared war on Russia and France AlliesCentral Powers FranceGermany RussiaAustria-Hungary Great BritainOttoman Empire Bulgaria Italy

Triple Entente on and the Central Powers

American Neutrality US declared itself neutral Immigrants began taking sides Majority of Americans favored the Allies President Wilson’s cabinet Pro-British William Jennings Bryan favored neutrality Allied victory would preserve international balance of power British used propaganda in the US American businesses favored Allies American banks gave loans to Allies If Allies won, loans would be paid back Secretary of Treasury reluctant to approve loans to Germany

Unterseeboot (aka U-boats) Germans used U-boats (submarines) to attack British ships Germany announced that they would attempt to sink without warning any ship they found in the waters around Britain Allies dependent on food from US Violated an international treaty May 7, 1915 German submarine fired on a British passenger liner the Lusitania killing 1200 passengers (128 Americans) March 1916 U-boat torpedoed the French passenger ship Sussex injuring several Americans Sussex Pledge – Germany promised with certain conditions to sink no more merchant ships without warning

Zimmerman Telegram and War January 1917 Arthur Zimmerman proposed that Mexico ally itself with Germany in the event of war between Germany and the US in return, Mexico would regain its lost territory in Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona after the war Germany hoped Mexico would keep the US from sending troops to Europe British intelligence intercepted the Zimmerman telegram Leaked to US newspapers Feb 3-March 21, German U-boats sank 6 US merchant ships without warning April 6, 1917 Congress approved a resolution to declare war Wilson signed the resolution

Today’s Activity Use the table to answer the questions. Due at the end of the period.