Chronic Ethanol Potentiates the Effect of Neuropeptide S in the Basolateral Amygdala and Shows Increased Anxiolytic and Anti-Depressive Effects Johan Enquist, Madeline Ferwerda, Anuradha Madhavan, Derek Hok and Jennifer L Whistler*

Background Stress mediator -- activate arousal and stress-responsive mechanisms -- associated with orexin system and CRF system (Ox1 CRF1) -- suppress anxiety-like behaviors in response to stress

Addiction-related -- effect on the reward system from drug abuse Orexin 1 anta NPSR anta CRF 1 anta

Main Paper Materials and Methods Animals: male, 8 weeks old, mice. Dose of NPS :3 nmol per animal EtOH Consumption: 20% EtOH contingent access for 4 weeks. Anxiety-like tests: Light/dark transition box, Elevated plus maze, Open field test. Depressive-like tests: Forced swim test, Tail suspension test. Conditioned Place Preference(CPP)

Light/dark transition box Elevated plus maze Open field test Forced swim testTail suspension test Conditioned Place Preference

Elevated plus maze Open field test Light/dark transition box

Forced swim test Tail suspension test

EtOH Consumption Animal had 1 hrs between the infusion and access to EtOH or Water Animal had 4 hrs between the infusion and access to EtOH or Water

Conditioned Place Preference

Whole cell patch-clamp on GABA neurons at BLA

Light/dark transition box Injection of NPS into BLA

Take home message NPS makes you happy. Thank you!