“A date that will live in infamy!” Attack on Pearl Harbor December 7, 1941 “A date that will live in infamy!”

Why did the Japanese attack us? They wanted to expand & dominate Asia They needed resources to expand – especially oil (90% of their oil was imported) The U.S. refused to sell oil to Japan They invade the Dutch East Indies for their oil. Manchuria, China and French Indochina had already been invaded in the early 1930s We are attacked to keep us from interfering

Commander of the Imperial Japanese Navy Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto Commander of the Imperial Japanese Navy

“Battleship Row”

Why were they successful? The attack was kept a guarded secret 2.Strict attention to detail 3.Pearl Harbor was graphed months before the attack – Think the game “Battleship”

4.6 months of practice on an island similar to Oahu 5.Radio silence maintained across the Pacific – Used flags and spot lights

6. Developed a “shallow” running torpedo

7.Developed an “Armor piercing” bomb to go through multiple decks of the ships

5 “Midget” submarines were used in the attack

U.S. Losses at Pearl Harbor Human Casualties Killed Wounded Navy 1,998 *Approximately 1,200 on the Arizona 710 Marine Corps 109 69 Army 233 364 Civilian 48 35 Ships Sunk or Beached Damaged 12 9 Aircraft Destroyed 164 159

Seaman 2nd Class Thomas Lounsbury, Woodstock Popular and well-liked, according to old newspaper accounts, Thomas Lounsbury joined the Navy in autumn 1940, several months after graduating from Woodstock High School. He and several other Woodstock graduates ended up stationed at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. In his last letter home to his parents, Lounsbury wrote that he enjoyed Thanksgiving dinner with friend and Woodstock native Wilbur Kiefer. Two weeks later, Japan launched its surprise attack on the naval base, hurling the U.S. into a war it did not want. It was not until Dec. 21 that his family received a telegram that Lounsbury was missing in action. For security reasons, the family and the Woodstock Sentinel newspaper did not disclose on which ship Lounsbury served. Lounsbury died in the opening shots of the war at age 20. He served as a gunner’s mate on the USS Arizona, where he and more than 1,100 of his shipmates still are entombed today.

U.S.S. Arizona Memorial

Mistakes made by the U.S. Military game results ignored Ambassadors warning ignored: “If pushed, they will strike back!” Rumor passed on from the Peruvian embassy ignored Security Officers not told of the charting of the harbor Japanese code broken but not shared with those in charge of Pearl Harbor Intercepted message ignored: “Date extended to November 29th” Planes drawn together at Holcomb Airfield to protect against sabotage No torpedo nets due to harbor being so shallow Fleet in the harbor even though hostile relations Two man sub sunk at the mouth of the harbor before attack Radar picked up large squadron of planes but dismissed as our own Radio broadcasts helped the Japanese zero in on Hawaii